سرمایه اجتماعی به مثابه بسترِ زیست پایدار در میان ساکنان مسکن مهر؛ نمونه مورد مطالعه: مسکن مهر بهاران سنندج (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یکی از متغیرهای مهم کیفیت زندگی در میان ساکنان یک جامعه، سرمایه اجتماعی است، این سازه تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلف دچار فرسایش یا افزایش خواهد شد. مسکن یکی از ابعاد مهم کیفیت زندگی است که می توان زیستِ ساکنان آن را بر حسب میزان سرمایه اجتماعی مورد سنجش قرار داد. مسئله پژوهش حاضر، ارتباط میان عوامل نرم زیست اجتماعی (جامعه شناختی) با وضعیت سرمایه اجتماعی در بین ساکنان مسکن مهر بهاران شهر سنندج است. متغیرهای عمده پژوهش بر اساس چارچوب نظری پاتنام، بوردیو، فوکویاما و کلمن صورت بندی شده و به لحاظ روش شناسی این پژوهش در سنت کمی و براساس روش پیمایش صورت پذیرفته و از ابزارِ پرسشنامه برای گردآوری داده ها استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی خانوارهای ساکن در واحدهای مسکونی مسکن مهر شهر سنندج در سال 1399 است و تعیین حجم نمونه براساس فرمول کوکران و شیوه نمونه گیری نیز به صورت دو مرحله ای، ابتدا نمونه گیری خوشه ای و سپس نمونه گیری تصادفی انجام شد که بر اساس آن 340 نفر افراد بالای 18 سال انتخاب شدند. صحت داده ها با استفاده از تکنیک های اعتبار صوری و آلفای کرونباخ مورد تأیید قرار گفت و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماریSPSS Ver23 انجام شد. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که بین متغیرهای سطح فرهنگ آپارتمان نشینی، درجه روابط همسایگی، سطح آشنایی با محیط اجتماعی، رضایت از محل سکونت، دسترسی به امکانات و کیفیت خدمات شهری و زیرساخت ها و متغیرهای زمینه ای (سابقه سکونت، درآمد و وضعیت تأهل) با سرمایه اجتماعی ساکنان مسکن مهر رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. نتایج حاصل از آماره نشان داد که بین متغیرهای روابط اجتماعی، نوع سکونت و متغیرهای زمینه ای (سن، جنسیت، شغل، تحصیلات) با سرمایه اجتماعی ساکنان رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره نیز حاکی از آنست که متغیرهای فرهنگ آپارتمان نشینی، روابط همسایگی و سطح آشنایی بر سرمایه اجتماعی ساکنان مسکن مهر تأثیرگذار بوده و حدود 32 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته را تبیین نموده اند.Social capital as a sustainable living environment among the residents of Mehr housing (Case study: Baharan Mehr housing, Sanandaj)
Highlights- There is a significant positive relationship between the level of apartment life standards and social capital in residents of Mehr Dwellings.- There is no significant relationship between the type of residence and social capital in residents of Mehr Dwellings.- The variables of neighborhood relations and level of acquaintance have influenced the social capital of residents of Mehr Dwellings. IntroductionToday, social capital is an indicator of growth and development in societies, without which it is highly challenging to achieve development at different levels. This capital increases investment in the fields of physical capital and human capital and establishes the structures created by public and private sector agents. Housing is one of the most important human needs leading to social conflicts or peace in different ages. The occurrence of each of these conditions is directly related to the amount of social capital among the residents, from the point of view that the social norths and souths in cities have turned into a concept for class distinction. Projects like Mehr Dwellings may have been capable of meeting the housing market needs in terms of quantity and shelter to a large extent, but what is stated in the theoretical literature on social housing at the global level, i.e. the level of satisfaction of residents of social housing projects, concerns the conditions therein in social, cultural, and other terms. It seems that the Mehr Dwellings project was carried out in a hasty manner regardless of basic criteria such as social capital. Therefore, the current research seeks to investigate the social capital conditions among the residents of Mehr Dwellings in the city of Sanandaj, Iran and the effective sociological factors. The questions raised on that basis concern the level of social capital among the residents of Mehr Dwellings in Sanandaj based on the above indicators and the extent to which sociological and contextual factors have affected each dimension of social capital.Theoretical FrameworkThe theoretical framework of the current research is based on the theories available in the field of social capital and the studies conducted in Iran and around the world on the research title. The structure of social capital is investigated here based on the socio-cultural dimensions of the Mehr Dwellings project. Following the discussion, the conceptual model of the research, which involves the link between the research literature and the results, is formulated in the concluding section.MethodologyThe current research is a quantitative survey and therefore involves a method of data collection in which certain groups of people are asked to answer a certain number of specific questions, which are the same for all respondents. The research population includes all the households in the Mehr Dwellings in Sanandaj in 2019. According to the statistics published by Kurdistan Province Directorate-General for Roads and Urban Development, there are 38,000 Mehr Dwellings in the whole province, of which 13,606 have been built and submitted in Sanandaj, where a population of 43,091 people lives (Kurdistan Province Directorate-General for Roads and Urban Development, 2018). The statistical sample includes people over eighteen years of age residing in 7,600 Mehr Dwellings in Baharan Neighborhood in 2019. The sample size was specified through Cochran’s formula, based on which a size of 340 people was estimated; given the possibility of drop in the sample size, 10% was added to this number, and 374 people were finally selected to make up the study sample. The sampling methods included clustering according to Mehr Dwellings blocks and random selection of people over 18 years of age. In the selection of the samples, we tried to observe the age and sex combination as far as possible. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the formal and content validity of which were evaluated by experts in the fields of urban development and sociology. Moreover, the validity of the questions was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient as 0.849, which indicates the appropriate reliability and validity. As a research measurement tool, the SPSS version 21 software was used to analyze the data in two sections: descriptive and inferential.Results and DiscussionThe findings of the research demonstrated that there are significant positive relationships between the social capital of residents of Mehr Dwellings and a number of the variables making up the level of apartment life standards, including the degree of neighborhood relations, the level of acquaintance with the social environment, satisfaction with the place of residence, access to facilities, and the quality of urban services and infrastructures, and the contextual variables of residence background, income, and marital status. The statistical results demonstrated that there is no significant relationship between the residents’ social capital and the variables of social relations and type of residence and contextual variables (age, gender, occupation, and academic degree). Apartment life standards and social capital among the residents of Baharan Mehr Dwellings will not change overnight, because the residents of these blocks are mainly immigrants from villages, unemployed people, female householders, urban subordinates in sociological terms. Corridors of social relations are limited, while there are stable conditions from another point of view. Although the residents’ harmony has undergone major changes during the past two years due to the high costs of housing, fundamental measures need to be taken by the institutions and trustees in the urban area. According to the results of the research, important actions to be taken in the current conditions include the participation of citizens in the affairs of the neighborhood, enhancement of the infrastructure and access networks, formation of civil institutions, and establishment of service and security institutions.ConclusionThe results of the multivariate regression analysis also indicate that the variables of apartment life standards, neighborhood relations, and level of acquaintance impact the social capital of the residents of Mehr Dwellings and explain 32% of the changes in the dependent variable.
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