آرشیو

آرشیو شماره ها:
۲۸

چکیده

جوامع دارای هنجار ها و ارزش هایی هستند که نقض آن ها جرم تلقی شده و مرتکبان متحمل مجازات خواهند شد. بر مبنای یک اندیشه، هر شخصی که این ارزش ها را نادیده بگیرد تنها باید یک بار مجازات شود؛ این موضوع تحت عنوان قاعده «منع تعقیب و مجازات مجدد» مطرح است. در حقوق کیفری ایران قانونگذاران ادوار مختلف، جهت گیری های متفاوتی نسبت به قاعده مزبور داشته اند. مستفاد از قوانین کیفری قبل از انقلاب پذیرش قاعده به صورت محدود و مشروط است، اما بعد از انقلاب اسلامی در قوانین مصوب 1361 و 1370 مجازات مجدد پذیرفته شده بود. لیکن در قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1392 قاعده منع تعقیب با شرایطی تنها نسبت به جرایم تعزیری پذیرفته شده است. در حقوق کیفری افغانستان از گذشته های دور قاعده منع تعقیب به پیروی از فقه حنفی و به صورت محدود پذیرفته شده بود، اما امروزه قانونگذار این کشور در قوانین مختلف از جمله قانون اجرائیات جزایی و کد جزا به نحو شایسته از آن حمایت کرده است

The rule of prohibiting re-prosecution and retrial in the International Criminal Court and comparing it with the Iranian and Afghan law

There can be no doubt that societies have norms and values the violation of which is considered a crime and the perpetrators will be punished. According to a not-so-complex idea, any person who ignores and violates these values should be punished only once, which is interpreted as the prohibition of re-prosecution and re-punishment, which has become an indisputable rule today. This rule is one of the most important rules of criminal law recognized in the domestic law of many countries and in some international human rights instruments and statutes of some international criminal courts, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Statute of The International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. In Iranian law, legislators of different periods have had different approaches towards this rule. The pre-revolution criminal laws had accepted the rule limitedly and conditionally. However, after the Islamic Revolution, the laws of 1361 and 1370 had accepted re-punishment. However, in the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 the rule is accepted under conditions only for Ta'zir crimes. In the Afghan criminal law, following the Hanafit jurisprudence the rule of prohibition of re-prosecution has been accepted to a limited extent since ancient times. Today, however, contrary to the past practice, the country's legislature has adequately protected it in various laws, including the Criminal Procedure Code and the Penal Code

تبلیغات