رهیافتی بر جایگاه مدیریت تغییر در حفاظت از مناظر شهری تاریخی بررسی موردی: محدوده مرکزی بافت تاریخی قزوین (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در یک قرن اخیر مناظر شهری تاریخی تحت تأثیر تحولات ناشی از عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی، سیاسی، فرهنگی و البته در پی اجرای طرح های بالادستی، مداخلات و تغییرات اقلیمی، دچار تغییر شدند. در چنین شرایطی جلوگیری از چنین تغییری عملا غیرممکن شده و مدیریت این تغییرات در راستای حفاظت از شهر تاریخی ضرورت پیدا کرده است. این نوع از مدیریت به عنوان بخشی از فرآیند حفاظت شهری با تجزیه و تحلیل دقیق تغییرات و تأثیرات آن به کنترل و کاهش آثار سوء آن ها می پردازد. هدف از این پژوهش کاربست مدیریت تغییر در حفاظت از منظر شهری تاریخی قزوین است که از طریق شناخت ویژگی های بافت تاریخی و بررسی تغییرات، ارزیابی و آسیب شناسی آن تأمین شده است. همچنین تغییرات مناطق مسکونی، مناطق سبز و راه ها به طور خاص بین سال های 1335 تا 1398 با استفاده از نرم افزار ArcGIS10 مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. تغییرات رخ داده در محدوده تحت تأثیر اجرای طرح های توسعه شهری، با افزایش قطعات بلوک های مسکونی ضمن کاهش مساحت آن ها، از بین رفتن شبکه معابر ارگانیک بافت تاریخی، و همچنین با کاهش چشمگیر و پراکندگی فضای سبز روبرو شده است.Change Management as an Approach in Pathology and Evaluation of Historical Urban Landscapes Case Study: Central Area of Historical Fabric of Qazvin
The historic urban landscape is the urban area perceived as the result of a historical layering of cultural and natural values and attributes, extending beyond the notion of “historic centre” or “ensemble” to include the broader urban context and its geographical setting. Over the past century, historic urban landscapes have changed due to economic, societal, political and cultural circumstances. While it is not possible to prevent change, managing these changes is essential for conserving historical cities. Historical urban landscapes are constantly changing, due to the implementation of upstream projects, human activities, and climate change. The change management strategy is a part of the urban conservation process by analyzing changes and effects in detail and trying to neutralize the negative impact of change. This research aims to apply change management in the conservation of historical urban landscape of Qazvin which has been achieved by identifying features of historical districts, studying, evaluating and pathology of the changes. Qazvin, as one of the historical cities of Iran with a significant settlement history in its plains, has a historical fabric with inherent values. A combination of economic structure, historic residential neighborhoods, historic buildings and traditional gardens which together create a valuable collection of features of Qazvin's historic urban landscape. Although a significant number of Qazvin's historical monuments are on the National Monuments List, the city has not been spared from invasions and disproportionate urban occupations, and the scope of development intervention in the city has caused irreparable damage. Along with the change in lifestyles and the increase in urban population, the historical context of the city has been exposed to physical interventions ranging from destruction and widening of streets, street designs and disruption of spatial structure, to environmental degradation and its traditional gardens, which in some cases have led to the disappearance of important parts of the historical city. According to experts, the main reason for these extensive interventions in the historical urban landscape of Qazvin is the influence of the inappropriate management and planning for the city and its citizens. This applied development research is action-oriented. The changes in residential areas, green spaces, and streets have been specifically studied between 1956 and 2019, digitalized and compared using ArcGIS10. As the findings show, the number of residential units is increasing while the area per unit is decreasing. Also, the demolition of connected historical urban pathways and the increase in the number of dead-ends are both the result of implementation of urban development plans. With regard to urban green space, a dramatic decline and division can be clearly observed. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the main drivers of change in Qazvin's historical landscape include political, economic, cultural, technological and natural factors that indirectly cause changes in the city as well as factors such as population growth, and urban and infrastructure development. The lifestyle of city’s residents, industrialization, commercialization, wear and tear, and environmental changes have directly changed the historical fabric of Qazvin.
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