Enjoyment

Generally, the music performances on sports activities are manifested and realized through the four mechanisms of reducing the feeling of tiredness, increasing excitement levels, creating harmony, and finally increasing calmness and the sense of comfort. This function becomes very important when considering that the music impact acts as a miracle doping in professional sports. Besides, the lack of enjoyment in sports activities is often mentioned as an obstacle to participation in sports activities. This article discussed, evaluated, and analyzed the research records in three main topics: 1. The benefits of music in sports activities, 2. The conceptual model for showing the different music impact in sports activities, and 3. The underlying mechanisms of music impact on sports. A scoping review of literature in sport and music field was conducted to fulfill the research objectives. Finally, the inference was made by proposing theories such as corresponding and induction of microscopic and macroscopic order along with another direct and secondary music impact. Researches have not been able to uncover all aspects of music magic secrets yet. So, this challenge remains for researchers and athletes on how to maximize the benefits of using music during sport and exercise by focusing on practical applied approaches.

  Communication is associated to the effectiveness and efficiency of any sports team function due to its informative, motivational and evaluative role. However, the effects of communication skills within the physical education context are rarely investigated. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of communication skills in the physical education on enjoyment and involvement of high school students. It was hypothesized that communication skills within the physical education class have positive effects on enjoyment and involvement of high-school students. The method used in this study was a structural equation modelling. The participants included 384 adolescents age 16 to 18 years old (mean 16.96±0.57 years old) who attended in regular high-schools. Teacher Communication Behavior Questionnaire (TCBQ) and Fragebogens zur Erfassung von Freude am Schulsport im Jugendalter (FEFS-J), and Student Engagement Instrument (SCI) were used for assessing communication skills, enjoyment, and involvement. To analyze data, we used Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling. Results showed that communication skills had significant effects on enjoyment (T=4.182) and involvement (T=6.082). In addition, enjoyment had significant effects on involvement (T=3.291). Results of evaluating fitness of good showed that our model has a good fit (GOF=0.93). Communication skills are very important for engagement and learning of students.

Dialogue journal writing is extensively regarded as an effective technique for enhancing the writing motivation of EFL/ESL students. However, studies on how dialogue journal writing enhances EFL students’ writing motivation are scarce in the Ethiopian context. This study investigates the impact of dialogue journal writing on freshman EFL students’ writing motivation. Employing a quasi-experimental design, two intact groups were selected from students in the social science stream. After checking their comparability at the onset of the intervention, the two groups were randomly assigned into experimental (n = 37) and comparison groups (n = 35) using coin flipping. Following this, the experimental group was instructed writing for 10 weeks based on the dialogue journal writing approach and the comparison group for the same period, but following the conventional approach. Data were collected before and after the intervention through a writing motivation questionnaire from both groups. The collected data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test, a paired sample t-test, and one-way MANOVA. The result of the study revealed that dialogue journal writing significantly enhanced the experimental group students' overall writing motivation (p<0.05), with a large effect size (d = 1.46), and its sub-components (enjoyment, self-efficacy, instrumentality, recognition, and effort), (p<0.05), with a moderate effect size (η²p = 0.371) when these sub-components were considered combined. The finding suggests that dialogue journal writing can effectively enhance EFL students’ writing motivation. Therefore, university EFL teachers are recommended to use dialogue journal writing in their writing classes to improve their students’ writing motivation.