Islamic revolution

Objective: The absence or weakness of political structures and institutions in the new Iraqi political and social sphere has led to a political leader, whether in power or in opposition, playing the most significant role in political actions. Therefore, an analysis of political and social trends in Iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime in 2003 indicates that the Sadr Movement has become the undisputed actor in the Iraqi political and social arena. This is attributed to its reliance on doctrines such as Arab nationalism, adopting an independent approach from other regional actors, fighting corruption, advocating for justice, equality, and eliminating political and social discrimination, and solving Iraq's economic problems.Methodology: The present study aims to systematically examine the evolution and development of the Sadr Movement in Iraq, stemming from the reflections of the Islamic Revolution. It will achieve its objectives and findings through a scientific, integrated approach combining historical, documentary, and in-depth, purposeful interview methods.Research Findings: The findings and documentation of the article indicate that the Sadr Movement, throughout its formation and evolution, which originated from the anti-American and anti-authoritarian discourse of Iran's Islamic Revolution, has gradually, under the leadership of Muqtada Sadr and according to the exigencies of the Iraqi political and social arena, reproduced itself from an anti-authoritarian and anti-occupation movement into a new political and social movement opposing the status quo. It has adopted a pragmatic approach and actions that are often contradictory to other Shia parties and groups by highlighting pluralistic identities, symbols, and policies based on Arab nationalism.Conclusion: The overall process of the Sadr Movement's evolution and development shows that Muqtada Sadr's activism has been very turbulent amidst transformations, and this personality has never considered himself to have a fixed role. Furthermore, Sadr has consistently adopted contradictory and unpredictable stances in his actions and statements, which has surprised political observers. This has caused ambiguity and confusion for other domestic and foreign actors in their interactions with him.

This article criticizes the process of nation-state building in Iran based on the facts in the country's political structure and specifies the factors affecting the non-formation of nation-state building in Iran on what mechanisms are based and why this category is in the Islamic Republic. Iran has not succeeded. The most important assumption should be made on the structure and the transnational nature of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its intellectual foundations, because this structure, behind its political ideology, which came from the Islamic Revolution of Iran and religious teachings, rather than the concepts of national unification emanating from history, The culture, language and mythological system existing in a common geographical border relies on values and principles that are transnational and global and can influence from a small group to the whole world. In this article, the descriptive-analytical method of the library type is used to study the texts, books and articles using the fishing technique.

Revolutions, as living and dynamic entities, like other political and social phenomena, are exposed to threats and challenges. Preserving and sustaining a revolution is more difficult than achieving victory in one. Therefore, maintaining the achievements and realizing the goals of the Islamic Revo-lution requires identifying the vulnerabilities that can weaken it. Given the importance of analyzing the vulnerabilities of the Islamic Revolution for its preservation and continuation, this research aims to revisit the views of Martyr Motahari on the vulnerabilities of the Islamic Revolution and the strategies to counter these threats. This study, utilizing a descriptive-analytical research method and through document analysis of articles and books, along with notes from written sources, addresses the main question of this paper: What is Martyr Motahari’s perspective on the challenges facing the Islamic Revolution that hinder the realization of its final objectives and its continuation? The re-sults from the analysis of the collected data show that, according to Martyr Motahari, the most im-portant factor in the victory of the Islamic Revolution was the connection between what “is” and what “ought to be”, based on the teachings of Islam. The greatest threats to the Islamic Revolution, he believed, are drifting away from Islam, forgetting its objectives, principles, and Islamic values. In this context, threats such as ideological deviations, transformation, hypocrisy, dogmatism, and in-justice are highlighted. Martyr Motahari’s strategy for preserving and sustaining the Islamic Revolu-tion, and his solutions to counter these challenges, lies in reviving religious thought and applying Islamic teachings in both knowledge and practice. Additionally, maintaining and realizing inde-pendence, freedom, spirituality, and justice are crucial in this regard.