Institutionalization

The holy Quran has put “calling people to do good deeds” [or calling people to an act of benevolence] besides and prior to “commanding rightand forbidding wrong”, [or commanding beneficence and forbidding maleficence]. However in many interpretive and jurisprudential books, no sufficient effort has been made to elaborate the difference features between these two and their results, whose  manifestation is observed in indifference attitude  of legislative system to determine the limits, terms and qualities of ‘ call people to do good deeds”, despite the emphasize of the Eight Principle of the Constitution. Exploring the mentioned sources, this paper is an attempt to deal with the concept, dimensions and examples of “call people to do good deeds” such as propagation, teaching and advice which both have originally a basic role in cultural policy-making and institutionalization in the country and also due to paving ground for the fulfillment of “commanding rightand forbidding wrong” is of great significance. Then, it will clarify the distinctive points between these two hypotheses, so that the way to determine  the base and policy  will be cemented for the institutions with common functions (such as IRIB and supervising institutions such as Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution) or specific of one of these two ( such as Law Enforcement and Assembly of Experts). Moreover, it will help with the preparation of grounds for the next researches on basic and performance pathological study of these institutions and policy-making on this issue as well.

INTRODUCTION: In Iran, natural disasters are constantly increasing; however, no research has clearly explained the indicators of resilience in such situations. Resilience enhances internal strengths and protects against potential threats to maintain and promote the health of the community. The present study aimed to design a crisis resilience model based on the institutionalization of organizational learning for managers and experts. METHODS: The present exploratory analysis study was performed on a sample size of 215 which was calculated using Cochran's formula. In order to design a crisis resilience model based on the institutionalization of organizational learning, first, the general texts of applied sociology and scientific databases were studied. Afterward, 450 concepts regarding the general institutionalization of culture were extracted and provided for the experts in universities and the Red Crescent Society using the Delphi method. Subsequently, the experts agreed upon 73 concepts regarding the institutionalization of the culture of resilience based on organizational learning. Finally, a questionnaire was prepared based on these 73 concepts. FINDINGS: The first step was the performance of the exploratory factor analysis in the SPSS version22 software on 73 concepts which resulted in the emergence of five main components, including management, objectives, culture, strategy, and education of crisis resilience. These components were identified and named according to the review of the related literature. In the second stage, the DEMATEL technique and software were used to determine the importance and effectiveness of the criteria. Eventually, in the third stage, the LISREL software was used to design the crisis resilience model based on the institutionalization of organizational learning. CONCLUSION: First, the exploratory factor analysis was performed in SPSS software version22 and the effectiveness and susceptibility of each factor were determined using the DEMATEL software. Subsequently, the model components, including the culture, strategy, education, and objectives of resilience were used as the input of LISREL software and the resilience model was designed based on the institutionalization of organizational learning.

The Three Seas Initiative harks back as another version of strategic integration in the Central and Eastern Europe. Based on the Neofunctionalism, a functional-based regionalism is expected to take roots in the region with the spillover effect into the political and institutional levels; therefore, the main question of the research study is: what is the effect of the EU on the regionalism in the Central and Eastern Europe? The hypothesis of this research states that the EU’s highly developed institutional arrangement has led to a specific type of regional arrangement to take place in the CEE under the Three Seas Initiative, which lacks highly supranational institutionalism, even though it maintains high functional and political dimensions. The main research question was investigated using the qualitative method, namely descriptive method within the theoretical framework of Neofunctionalism. Results indicate that while Central European regionalism is under the effect of political and functional spillover as well as spill-around in institutionalization, the divide between Central European conservative and Western liberal values has been used by Eurosceptic parties to accelerate the process.

Introduction: Administrative corruption is a global problem and the biggest obstacle to reform in any country and the biggest obstacle to progress. Corruption is the violation of existing laws to secure personal interests and profits, and it is often referred to as a severe organizational disease. This research seeks to identify the moral and cultural rules and norms underlying administrative corruption in Iran based on the theory of modern institutionalism. Material and Methods: This research is of qualitative type and in terms of method, "qualitative content analysis" and data collection method is also based on "review of documents". The research community included cases related to administrative corruption in the courts of Tehran province, which were investigated and resulted in conviction. Among them, 19 cases were randomly selected. Data were analyzed by coding method. Results: The findings of the research showed the impact of 19 open codes, which the researcher classified into 4 core code categories, and the conceptual model of the research was formed. Conclusion: The results of this research show that "individualistic and materialistic institutional environment", "corrupting institutional environment", "legitimization" and "institutionalized organizational corruption" are considered as factors and institutional norms underlying administrative corruption in Iran. To deal with and prevent administrative corruption in society, organizations should be institutionalized based on moral values and administrative health beliefs.