Self-Knowledge

When we speak of “training by means of questions”, as the most widespread form of training in language teaching, the question of self-assessment is more than ever vying for attention. Self-assessment is an active rational strategy of on-the-job training, which allows teachers to identify ways of improving their job skills. In this article, we intend to offer a pedagogical reflection, which, by providing teachers with the appropriate means, helps to assess their teaching efficiency, their autonomy, and real personality through proper self-awareness. For this, the contributions of self-assessment to on-the-job training are undeniable when it comes to managing one’s own shortcomings in teaching.

The question of what is the soul is one of the fundamental questions in philosophical psychology and the answer to it, along with other psychology questions, has been and is one of the most important and first concerns of philosophers. Among the philosophers, Ibn Sina and Suhrawardi have offered a novel view of the identity of the soul in comparison with their predecessors. In order to know the identity of the soul, Ibn Sina mentions the experience of human beings suspended in space in some of his works, and Suhrawardi, while expressing and modifying Ibn Sina's experience, speaks of other experiences. Through this research, it becomes clear that the efforts of the two in recognizing the soul are not the same, because Ibn Sina comes into existence in the experience of a human suspended in space, which is a hypothetical experience, and Suhrawardi in the experience of liberation from the body and experience in sleep and wakefulness. There are some realities and not assumptions about oneself that both views have been interpreted and evaluated in this article.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : The present study has been conducted with the aim of getting to know the most important application of self-knowledge from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai and Henri Bergson with a comparative view. METHOD AND FINDING : The results of this research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical, comparative and inferential method, show that Allameh Tabatabai and Henri Bergson, prominent philosophers of the East and the West, by providing a solution to one of the most important challenges of modern man, propose a new and deep look for man to return to himself. In the first step, this research has addressed two areas of thinking in the knowledge of the self and, in the most general look at the components of the incorporeality of the self, the relationship between the soul and the body, the change in the self and the soul as the main agent of perception in the opinions and thoughts of Allameh Tabatabai and Bergson with a comparative view. The data collection tool was MAXQDA software, which was used to increase the accuracy of data coding and categorization. CONCLUSION : According to the obtained results, Allameh Tabatabai considered the knowledge of God to be the most important result and the final goal of self-knowledge, and Bergson, looking intuitively at the soul and from another angle, introduced creative evolution as the best result of this knowledge.

Introduction: Self-knowing and self–recognizing are the issues which have been studied in psychology, mysticism and religions. From any view which it is regarded, it shows the man's ability and aptitude in the line of dynamism of individual and the society. With regard to the importance of self-knowing, the main goal of the present research is to study the role of self-knowing for attaining the individual perfection and the formation of ethical society from the view of Attar. Material and Methods: In this essay, descriptive method has been employed and the researchers by studying and reviewing the books and essays about anthropology-religions – sociology and philosophy have looked for the factors of intuition, appearance and vision in the stories of "Manteq-ol-Tayr"; Conclusion: The main view of Sheikh Farideddin Attar, as one could see in most of his works especially in Mantq–ol-Tayr is returning man's attention to himself. Attar in this story explains his self-knowing doctrine to attain an ideal society and then announce his manifest of alliance on the basis of wisdom in the format of a story of birds who plan to find their king=themselves. Any of the birds of Manteq-ol-Tayr is the symbol of people with various thoughts and views.