مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Orientation


۱.

An Analysis of EFL Narrative Structure and Foreign Language Proficiency(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۲۴, Fall & Winter ۲۰۱۹ 29-53

کلیدواژه‌ها: Narratives Structure Abstract Orientation Main action Results Coda

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۷۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۶۲
The present study was an attempt to investigate the probable differences between narratives as rehearsed by EFL language learners of two different English proficiencies. It aimed to find out how narrative elements ( abstract , orientation , main action , results , and coda ) are recounted differently by EFL language learners of different English proficiencies. To this end, 250 personal oral narratives were recorded through classroom discussions and interviews. Two hundred participants were asked to narrate a personal story in the classroom, and the other 50 were interviewed. The analysis focused on narratives structure to discover how knowledge of target language might affect the way language learners construct English narratives. The collected data were interpreted according to Labov and Waletzky’s (1967) and Labov’s (1972) analytical models. The results revealed that upper-intermediate language learners reported more organized, chronological, logical, and to the point stories than pre-intermediate ones. The difference was in orientation , main action , and result parts. Neither group of language learners expressed the abstract and coda sections.
۲.

Identities’ Orientation in Iraq (post- Saddam); Confrontation or Interaction(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Contemporary Research on the Islamic Revolution, Volume ۴, Issue ۱۴, Autumn ۲۰۲۲ 111 - 136

کلیدواژه‌ها: Orientation Identities Confrontation Interaction Constructive

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۷۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۷
In post-Saddam Iraq, the identity contest and lack of an inclusive government in organizing these competitions paved the way for identity conflict. This crisis caused increasing social divergence and acted as an obstacle for national and collective identity formation as preconditions in national government and political order establishment. In post-Saddam Iraq, the events such as ISIS rise, the Kurdish independence issue, the fragmentation between political and religious groups …, etc. show the identity policies’ confrontation. In identity confrontation, Iraq’s solution is resorting to identity interaction and to an inclusive and strong government establishment where can have all ethnic and religious groups (Kurds, Arabs, Shiites, and Sunnis) trust and cooperation. Explaining the different trends of various identities in Iraq and examining the identity crises which have prevented an efficient government and a cohesive nation emergence, this descriptive-analytic research seeks to answer this question: In Iraq are the different identities’ orientations in confrontation or in interaction? The results of the study show that there is a two-way and inverse relationship between them, i.e., the incomplete identity interaction process has created numerous crises leading to confrontation continuation between ethnic and religious groups, and this defective process has ultimately led to national and regional conflict spreading and intensification. In this paper, in collecting data and information the library resources is used applying Constructive theory.
۳.

The Study of Islamic Republic of Iran Foreign Policy Orientation in Iraq (Post-Saddam) based on the SWOT Model(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۱۹ زمستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۷۲) 122 - 150

کلیدواژه‌ها: Orientation Foreign policy SWOT strategy Iraq

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۴ تعداد دانلود : ۶۶
Providing strategy in foreign policy orientation makes the following categories important: the necessity of correct and complete understanding and manipulating of national power and strength; the requirements and characteristics of the external environment, governing rule and pattern in a regional and international environment; recognizing the opportunities, environmental vulnerability, and existing threats and many other factors. Due to the geographical and cultural proximity of the two countries, as well as their neighborhood, the expansive relations between Iraq and Iran are very essential which lead to security establishment in the Middle East. This study's purpose is to show the capability/validity of the SWOT model used in the Islamic Republic of Iran foreign policy orientation field in Iraq post-Saddam. The main question is this, “based on SWOT analytical model, what and how appropriate strategies can be presented in the Islamic Republic of Iran foreign policy orientation in post-Saddam Iraq?” SWOT model is based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in both internal and external dimensions. Developing strategies based on SWOT is the new point of the current article. The findings show that one successful tool in the Islamic Republic of Iran's foreign policy orientation and policy-making in post-Saddam Iraq is a realistic understanding of Iraq's current situations. Proper analysis of opportunities, threats, and the associated strengths and weaknesses can determine Iran’s foreign policy orientation towards its fundamental and defined interests.