مطالب

Purpose: based on the role of consistency and academic engagement in academic performance, this research aims to determine the effectiveness of flourishing education on the consistency and academic engagement of students. Methodology: This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design, and a control group. The statistical population of this research was the second-grade high school students of Chalus city in the academic year of 2019-2020. The sample size was 30 people who were selected by convenience sampling method and replaced by the simple random method in two equal groups including experimental and control groups. The experimental group had flourishing education for two months at 8 sessions (one session a week), and the control group did not receive any education. The research tools were Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews & Kelly's (2007) consistency questionnaire and Reeve & Tseng's (2011) academic engagement questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis methods in SPSS software at a sig. level of 0.05. Findings: the results showed that flourishing education increased students' consistency (and both of its dimensions include stability in interest and persistence in effort) and academic engagement (and all four of its dimensions include cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and agency) (P<0.05) after controlling for the effect of the pre-test. Conclusion: it is essential to use the mentioned method to improve academic characteristics by considering the effectiveness of flourishing education in increasing consistency and academic engagement in students.

Purpose: Today, using social networking apps has developed a lot. For this reason, the present study was conducted to normalize rumors acceptance questionnaire among the audience of social networking apps. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of objective and descriptive correlational in terms of correlation type. The research population consisted of active Iranian audiences in Telegram and Instagram during 2019-2020. The sample size was estimated to be n=368, who were selected using the convenience sampling method, respecting the proportion of users of Telegram and Instagram. The data were collected by rumors acceptance questionnaire (Kim & Bock, 2011) and analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and one-sample t-test using SPSS. Findings : The results showed that the rumor acceptance questionnaire had 48 items and five factors of rumor transmission, reasoning, negative emotions, credibility and believing, and the factor loading of all items and their factors were above 0.40. In addition to confirming the construct validity of the tool by the factor analysis, the content validity of the tool according to the opinion of experts and reliability by Cronbach's alpha for the five factors were 0.91, 0.87, 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92; and 0.95 for the tool, respectively. Other results showed that the average acceptance of rumors and its factors were higher than the average except for rumor transmission, which was lower than the average (P<0.05). Conclusion : The rumors acceptance questionnaire among the audience of social networking apps had good validity and reliability. Therefore, the above tool can be used by other researchers to check the acceptance of rumors.

Purpose: Moral capital is one of the most basic issues in human societies. The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the precursors and consequences of the moral capital of principals of special non-governmental elementary schools in Tehran. Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of objective, in interpretive paradigm in terms of qualitative approach, and content analysis in terms of strategy. The research population consisted of 15 principals working in non-governmental primary schools in Tehran, who were selected according to the principle of theoretical saturation and using purposive sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, and the validity of the data was confirmed by the triangulation method, and its reliability was estimated to be more than 70% by the agreement coefficient method of two coders. Data were analyzed by open, axial, and selective coding method in MAXQDA software. According to the findings, the antecedents of managers' moral capital included 35 subcategories in 9 main categories and the consequences of managers' moral capital included 25 subcategories in 2 main categories including individual consequences and social consequences. Findings : The results show that the causal conditions include the family characteristics, community characteristics, the personality and professional characteristics of the manager and the contextual conditions including the organizational culture of education, the important role of management in the primary school, the policies and laws of education and intervening factors including economic factors, social factors and organizational factors as the most important precursors have a positive and significant effect on the moral capital of managers. Conclusion: Also, the most important consequences of managers' moral capital are individual consequences and social consequences. According to the results of the present research and in order to realize the consequences of the moral capital of the principals of special non-governmental primary schools, the context must be provided for the realization of its precursors.

Purpose: In this study, a minimal theoretical framework was set based on the coexistence of different analytical levels to discover the causes for the success of students and schools in science Olympiads with two separate analysis units. Methodology: This research has been conducted at two micro and intermediate levels through multiple case study and in-depth interview. At the intermediate level, the analysis unit was school and the statistical population included all schools. The intermediate level research sample included two sets: positive cases (5 successful schools from Yazd province) and negative cases (5 unsuccessful schools from Ardabil province), which were selected purposefully. The strategy used at this level was multiple case studies, and the results were analyzed with the comparative qualitative technique. For the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument at this level, real and theoretical repetition was used. At the micro level, the unit of analysis was Olympiad students and 10 interviews were conducted by considering the condition of theoretical saturation. The research tool included in-depth interviews with students, which were analyzed using the grounded theory and the open-centered-selective coding technique. For the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument, the inter-coder agreement and the review of the results by the members were used, and in the comparative study, real and theoretical repetition was used. Findings: This study showed that students’ success in scientific Olympiads is a function of the constructive interaction of the two main institutions (school Olympiad atmosphere and attracting family support) and regional success experience. Other factors such as student cognitive interest, the attractiveness of Olympiad competition, and external incentives are also important. The results of comparative analysis of schools are parallel to the results of the above research and complement it, as the results showed that among the successful schools, almost all the main criteria, including the seminar to introduce parents to attract their support, educational counseling, and classes by former medalists, among other factors, determine the success of schools. Conclusion: According to the findings, it should be said that the success of students and schools in the science Olympiad is affected by several factors at the micro, intermediate, and macro levels, including the quality of the actors to the synergistic atmosphere of school and family.