مطالب

The Islamic Revolution of Iran is known as one of the superb phenomena of the twentieth century, the essential political-religious revolution globally, which has left various effects at the national and international levels. Shia ideology is a crucial element in the etymology of this revolution. One of the basic principles of this ideology is political jurisprudence that has a two-way relationship with the Islamic Revolution. With a qualitative method and documentary study, the present study aimed to analyze the interaction between Shia political jurisprudence and the Islamic Revolution. To this aim, we reviewed documents and library resources and extracted the required data in research files. The results indicated that, on the one hand, Imam Khomeini, as the founder of the Islamic Revolution, by using Shia political jurisprudence, has founded and promoted this revolution. On the other hand, the Islamic Revolution has significantly impacted the development and promotion of Shia political jurisprudence by creating innovative spaces and arenas. This interrelationship is also associated with obstacles, challenges, and harms that the present article has partly addressed.

Purpose- The main purpose of this study was to identify the drivers responsible for instability of livelihood and to investigate the extent and manner of their influences on each other and on the future livelihood status of villagers in Marivan County. Design/methodology/approach - Applying a descriptive-analytical method and Delphi Technique, the present applied research identifies first, the most important drivers of the current situation of livelihood instability and their eliminating impact on the future livelihood of the deprived villagers in Marivan County. Moreover, applying cross-impact method in Mick Mac software, it analyzes the effect and direct influence of these drivers on each other. Findings- The most important drivers of livelihood instability of rural people in the county are a total of 36 drivers in five categories as follows: Economic failures with the influence (346) and dependence (371), social failures with the influence (290) and dependence (315), environmental-physical failures with the influence (172) and dependence (176), institutional-managerial failures with the influence (351) and dependence (287) and trans-regional failures with the influence (23) and dependence (12). Among them the institutional-managerial failures have the most direct influence (315) and the economic failures have the most direct dependence (371) on the other drivers. The regulatory and two-dimensional drivers and their situation on the graph shows the continuing instability of the villagers’ livelihood in future, thus, this will increase deserted villages and wasted water and soil resources in the region. Research Limitations/Implications- The dispersion of a large number of villages, their small sizes in addition to their lack of accessibility, and the lack of cooperation of some experts to conduct interviews were among the main limitations of the present study. Practical implications - It is suggested to teach villagers about the basic principles of entrepreneurship and taking risks and identifying opportunities. In this regard, making use of entrepreneurial villagers with successful experiences and non-governmental organizations in the region can be effective. Ultimately, plans and programs should be designed and implemented for the regulatory drivers such as fatalism, lack of crisis management policies, recognizing rural development as equal to the traditional agriculture development. Originality/Value- The outcome of this study can be an introduction for subsequent studies for formulating scenarios, executive strategies, policies and planning in order to move towards sustainable livelihoods and the realization of a favorable livelihood for the villagers.