مطالب

Academic Confidence, Grit and WTC of students play important roles in their second language achievement. This paper examined the role of academic confidence and grit in willingness to communicate of Iranian EFL students in different communicative and educational contexts. To this end, 385 EFL students responded to the relevant questionnaires. The analysis of the data revealed that the students with higher levels of academic confidence and grit had a higher L2 WTC in in-class, out-of-class, and online classrooms. The results also revealed that the students’ grit was a predictor of their L2 WTC in all communicative contexts, and the university students scored the highest, followed by language institute and senior secondary school students. Moreover, academic confidence and grit had significant relationship with L2 WTC of students in senior secondary schools, language institutes and universities. Another finding was that grit was a predictor of all groups’ L2 WTC, while academic confidence predicted L2 WTC of students in language institutes and universities. The results of this study have implications for EFL teachers.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the acceptability of two Persian translations of Rowling's Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets by finding the position of each Persian translation in the literary polysystem of Iran. It also aimed to identify the most/least used translation strategies applied by each Persian translator, Morteza Madaninejad (2000) and Hamideh Ashkannezhand (2004), for translating culture-specific items (CSIs) from English into Persian. To do so, CSIs were extracted from the novel and classified based on Espindola and Vasconcellos's (2006) classification of cultural items. Then, Pederson's (2005) taxonomy of translation strategies was used to analyze the two Persian translations. The results indicated that Madaninejad preferred to use source oriented strategies. Thus, the translation he produced occupied the primary position in the literary polysystem. By contrast, Ashkannezhand had an interest in the use of target -oriented strategies. The findings have implications for translators of literary texts.

The main objective of the present study was to semantically and syntactically explore translation strategies applied by translators in the translation of chapter nineteen of Vandidad from Avestan to Middle Persian for ritual purposes. To this end, the Middle Persian translation of Vandidad was studied, and the meaning of the words accompanying their syntactic roles in the Avestan language were compared to their Middle Persian equivalents. Then, the strategies applied by the translators were divided into two categories: semantic and syntactic ones. The findings of the study can shed some light on the translation strategies applied in the translation of ancient texts which can be used for deeper and broader scientific inquiry into Iranian ancient languages.

INTRODUCTION: The most important, useful, and cost-effective way to attain organizational goals is the improvement of intergenerational-interpersonal communication among different generations of employees in the workplace. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the role of intergenerational-interpersonal communication in the performance of 50s-70s-generation employees of the Red Crescent Society of Tehran (age range of 20-40 years) in 2019. METHODS: This applied research was conducted based on a descriptive-survey design. The statistical population of this study includes all employees of the Red Crescent Society of Tehran province (n=160). The participants were selected via the census method. A researcher-made questionnaire was employed to collect data, and SPSS software (version 24) was used for data analysis. FINDINGS: Based on the results, the variables and dimensions of intergenerational-interpersonal communication were significantly and strongly correlated with the performance of 50s-70s-generation employees of the Red Crescent Society of Tehran province. In other words, the employees' performance will be enhanced with an improvement in the dimensions of intergenerational-interpersonal communication. CONCLUSION: As evidenced by the obtained results, effective intergenerational-interpersonal communication skills training should be considered one of the goals of stakeholders. Moreover, groupism and relationship solidarity are among the effective factors influencing employee performance. This solidarity can be significantly improved by the establishment of intimate relationships, membership in groups, interaction, face-to-face communication, social status, appropriate expectations, necessary trust, participation in decision-making, and managers' acceptance of individual differences.