مطالب

Vocabulary and grammar are two significant components of English which learners often find challenging in their process of learning English as a foreign language (EFL). Therefore, finding the best way to teach grammar and vocabulary has always been a controversial issue among English teachers and researchers. The present study is an attempt to investigate the effect of dictogloss (DG) task, as one of the focus on form techniques, on EFL learners’ vocabulary versus grammar development. To this end, a quasi-experimental design was utilized to examine the effectiveness of the treatment. In this design, two classes were chosen, one as the experimental group (n=20) and the other as the control group (n=20). The participants were 40 female learners of English as a foreign language at intermediate level. In the experimental group the selected grammatical structures and vocabulary were taught using the DG technique, while in the control group the traditional method of teaching, present-practice-produce was used. The results gained from comparing pretest and posttest scores indicate that, although the experimental group outperformed the control group in learning vocabulary, there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group regarding grammar scores. Therefore, it can be concluded that using DG task was more effective on vocabulary learning of learners than grammar development. The findings of this study will be of help for both English teachers and learners regarding finding the best method of teaching and learning English grammar and vocabulary.

: Corrective Feedback (CF) provision on performance involves calling attention to learners' erroneous utterances, which stimulates classroom language learning. Despite widespread research in this area, a controversy still exists as to the time of CF in communicative tasks especially when learners' task engagement is targeted. Employing 60 intermediate-level Iranian learners, a four-week study examined the effects of immediate versus delayed CF types on oral engagement, grammar gain as well as on Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency (CAF) in the context of a dictogloss task. The statistical analysis showed that despite statistically significant improvements in the case of Grammaticality Judgement Test (GJT) from the pre-test to the post-test, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to their grammar gain, complexity, accuracy, fluency, as well as on their social and cognitive engagement. However, results in the case of behavioral and emotional engagement revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups of immediate and delayed CFs. The findings of the present study call for more flexibility and confidence on the part of the teachers in providing either immediate or delayed CF whenever appropriate and without being concerned about the adverse effects of feedback

New approaches and methods to language learning and teaching have drawn the attention of many researchers. This study aimed at investigating the role of Iranian EFL learners’ attitudes towards the value components of the Partnership Approach (PA) on motivating their active engagement in the learning process. A descriptive research method (survey study) was used, and 72 male and female Iranian EFL students whose ages ranged from 18 to 26 were randomly selected to participate in the study. They were asked to respond to a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire addressing the objectives of the study, and then 30 of the participants were randomly interviewed to reveal the possible consonance with the questionnaire outcomes. The study was conducted at Islamic Azad University (IAU), Najafabad Branch. The findings indicated that although both male and female participants showed significantly positive attitudes towards the value components of the PA, except for the inclusivity value, female participants held significantly higher positive attitudes. The highest motivational value from both male and female participants’ point of view was for the challenge value component. However, reciprocity and inclusivity were the value components with the lowest motivational values from the male and female participants’ point of view, respectively. Focusing on the importance of the psychological factors in education, the findings of the study may encourage both education policy-makers and practitioners in the field to think more critically, and make more reasonable decisions for their policy and practice.

This study explores the use of influence strategies and social mechanisms by the manufacturer to achieve supplier flexibility. Major components of marketing research of previous studies related to influence strategies and measures flexibility in the supply chain context are used. This empirical study utilized 300 survey samples from senior management at Small Medium Enterprises (SME)s. Results show that using influence strategies has positive effects on supplier mix flexibility. Furthermore, the effects of trust on shared vision is positive on manufacturer flexibility.

The current strategies of increasing work-life quality are being given special attention by both public and private organizations. These quality strategies have arisen because of the highly competitive environment. Also, a safe and healthy work environment that provides the opportunities for employees to enhance their loyalty, affiliation and love towards their work and organization is required in order to achieve the current and future aspirations of the organization. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the direct relationship between the variables: the strategy of work-life quality, strategic agility and sustainable competitive advantage, to identify their indirect relationships with their own dimensions. In order to achieve this, a questionnaire was distributed to both heads of companies and their deputies in large and medium Yemeni manufacturing companies, using a random sampling technique to reach 227 companies out of 554 by distributing 454 questionnaires for the selected population. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and exploratory statistics were carried out to identify the quality of measurements used to examine the proposed theoretical method using SEM. The results of the study are that there is a direct relationship between the variables. Additionally, there is an indirect relationship between the independent variable (strategy of work-life quality) and the dependent variable (sustainable competitive advantage) using strategic agility as a mediator in Yemeni large and medium manufacturing companies. These findings ensure the validity of the proposed theoretical model. In addition, it fills the knowledge gap regarding this issue and the findings highlight the competitive challenges that Yemeni companies must be aware of.

Réputés surtout pour avoir un style dépouillé et une écriture fragmentaire, Jean Echenoz et Patrick Deville ont encore en commun un univers fictionnel, caractérisé par le dynamisme, le mouvement et le déplacement géographique, et peuplé des personnages vagabonds. Les personnages sont plongés dans un cadre spatio-temporel flou auquel est lié un élément clé de l’imagination dynamique : l’élément aérien. L’abondance des références faites à l’air, chez ces deux éminents romanciers de l’extrême-contemporain, suggère un sens plus profond de cette substance chez eux. Le secret d’un tel sens peut être dévoilé par la ‘critique des profondeurs’, proposée par Gaston Bachelard ; une approche de la critique thématique qui permet de découvrir l’imaginaire de l’esprit poétique au moment de la création, un état de rêverie éveillée où l’esprit incarne ses images dans un élément matériel. C’est en fait la découverte de cet élément et de ces composants qui peut expliquer le rapport qu’entretient l’être de l’ère contemporain avec le monde qui l’entoure. Se basant sur la typologie des images aériennes, décrites par Bachelard, ce travail s’intéresse à découvrir le lien latent de l’élément le plus léger, le plus fugitif et le plus dynamique avec la vision du monde et le style minimaliste de Jean Echenoz et de Patrick Deville.

Si les textes de Pascal Quignard sont immédiatement reconnaissables, c’est d’abord parce qu’ils offrent au lecteur un plaisir inédit, celui d’une écriture réflexion où le sujet se décline par fragments à travers les divers supports. En problématisant des fictions en narrations elliptiques ou encore en conte philosophique, l’auteur n’a de cesse d’éprouver le lecteur, lui suggérant des possibles lectures pour en faire une marque de l’extrême contemporain. Sollicitations à une participation de construction du sens figurant en filigrane, l’auteur, certes, active à cette construction par un texte en contretemps qui fracture un continuum temporel/langagier en quête de l’origine. Nous proposons de relever quelques marques discursives de l’extrême contemporain à travers les textes de l’auteur, en particulier celles du sujet qui fait un retour en force mais un sujet distinct, composite, propre à l’extrême contemporain. La démarche théorique s'appuiera principalement sur les apports de l'analyse du discours avancés par Maingueneau, Charaudeau et Blanckeman.

Des recherches récentes, analysant l’activité rédactionnelle et le coût cognitif des processus, ont montré le rôle de la mémoire de travail (MDT) dans la production écrite et les stratégies qui peuvent réduire les charges cognitives. La MDT du rédacteur implique des connaissances linguistiques, référentielles mais aussi des stratégies de récupération de la mémoire à long terme (MLT) pour produire un texte bien structuré. Les études sur la production écrite, surtout depuis Hayes et Flower (1980), s’intéressent davantage à cette activité en temps réel (Alamargot et al. 2005; Olive et Piolat 2005; Olive, 2011). Le processus de planification engage la MDT à capacité limitée, ce qui exige une bonne gestion de ressources cognitives. Les stratégies contribuant au développement de ce processus s’avèrent donc utiles si elles peuvent améliorer la tâche de MDT. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, en tenant compte des approches didactiques concernant les textes argumentatifs, nous nous intéressons à repérer des démarches stratégiques qui peuvent contribuer au développement du processus de la planification, tout en considérant le fonctionnement de la mémoire de travail engagée pendant ce processus. Plus précisément, nous cherchons à savoir quelle stratégie pourrait se conformer mieux au fonctionnement de la MDT au cours du processus de la planification. Nous avons étudié deux groupes d’apprenants du FLE en Iran. Les apprenants du groupe expérimental, dans leur production de posttest, ont surtout mieux élaboré et développé leurs idées dans un cadre structurel.