احمد برجعلی

Objective: Family functioning is one of the structures that can have a significant impact on the psycho-social functioning of its members. For this reason, identifying the factors affecting it will greatly help to improve the family's performance. The purpose of the current research was to develop a causal model of Family function based on psychological Hardiness and Psychological capital through Persistent psychological symptoms post-COVID-19 Syndrome. Methods:  The statistical population of the present study was men and women of Karaj and Tehran provinces in 2023 who had at least one history of contracting COVID-19. From the statistical population, using an available sampling method, 395 eligible individuals were selected to participate in the research and complete the research questionnaires. In this research,  Kobasa's Psychological Hardiness questionnaires, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Corona Stress Scale (CSS-18), suitable for the Iranian lifestyle, and the Questionnaire of Family Functioning were used. The collected data were analyzed using the structural equation analysis method in Amos software (0.084). Results: The findings of this research indicated that Psychological Hardiness directly (0.085) and indirectly through psychological symptoms after COVID-19 (p<0.05) was able to significantly predict family functioning. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it seems that strengthening personal psychological structures in the face of environmental stressors can improve people's performance in dealing with these conditions.

Introduction and Objective: Loneliness, a subjective feeling of social isolation and disconnection, has emerged as a significant public health concern with wide-ranging implications. This review aims to comprehensively examine loneliness as a public health issue, exploring its associated health risks, underlying mechanisms, and potential interventions. Research Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using various databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Studies investigating the health implications of loneliness, its underlying mechanisms, and potential interventions were included. Findings: The review highlights a strong association between loneliness and increased mortality risk, comparable to that of smoking and obesity. Loneliness is also linked to a heightened risk of various physical and mental health problems, including cardiovascular disease, dementia, depression, and anxiety. The underlying mechanisms linking loneliness to poor health outcomes involve dysregulation of the stress response system, impaired immune function, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Interventions targeting social connection and support have shown promise in reducing loneliness and improving health outcomes. Discussion and Conclusion: Loneliness represents a significant public health challenge with serious consequences for individuals and society. Addressing loneliness requires a multi-faceted approach encompassing public awareness campaigns, community-based interventions, and healthcare provider training. Future research should focus on identifying effective interventions and tailoring them to diverse populations. It is imperative to recognize loneliness as a public health priority and implement comprehensive strategies to promote social connection and well-being.