محمدعلی ترابی

از دیدگاه زبانشناسی کاربردی یکی از مسایل بنیادی در برابر معلمین زبان، روش شناسان آموزشی زبان و برنامه نویسان درسی زبان آموزی این است که اصولا چه روند و مسیری در آموزش زبان خارجی یا زبان دوم کارآتر است: آموزش زبان برای کاربرد آن یا کاربرد زبان برای آموزش آن؟ بی تردید، برای این که گویشور زبان توانایی باشیم، معلومات و دانش در زمینه ساخت زبان و نظام و شیوه کارکرد آن امری است ضروری؛ ولی این دانش فی النفسه کافی نیست. به همین علت، در سال های اخیر گرایش و چرخشی ویژه از معلم و روش زبان آموزی به سوی خود زبان آموز صورت گرفته است. بدین ترتیب، در تعریف مؤلفه های توانش زبانی و مکانیزم ها و استراتژی های درگیر در فرآیند آموزش زبان تغییرات عمده ای صورت گرفته است. در مقاله حاضر، ماهیت و ویژگی های استراتژی های زبان آموزی یعنی ویژگیهای شناختی، فراشناختی، زبانشناختی و جامعه شناختی زبان مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند؛ و نقش مهم و تعیین کننده استراتژی های فراشناختی در آموزش استراتژی های زبان آموزی مورد تاکید ویژه قرار گرفته است .

The demands of the changing world impose on learners the need to become autonomous readers. This places a responsibility on the shoulders of the teachers to develop an approach to teaching reading which will help readers become independent strategic ones. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of teaching reading strategies on the development of reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. An experimental design was adopted to accomplish this investigation. To do so, two intact classes of 35 students were selected. Then to find out the homogeneity of the participants, Oxford Placement Test was administrated to both classes’ among whom 60 students who scored above 47 were selected as homogeneous and were assigned to two experimental and control groups. The students in the experimental group participated in 10 sessions and were taught two strategies of reading comprehension: activating background knowledge and contextual strategies. At the same time, the materials in the control group were taught through conventional methods of reading and translating the texts into Persian. In the 10th session, the post-test was administrated to both groups. The results of the t-test confirmed the positive effect of reading strategies instruction on the development of reading comprehension ability. These findings may furnish language teachers with the empirical evidence that capitalizing on the students' awareness of the strategies and helping them to use these strategies will significantly develop their reading abilities.

The term “ philosophy of research in applied linguistics” may be considered to cover a wide range of academically and philosophically important issues that have recently begun to capture the attention of scholars in research programs in their efforts, on the one hand, to reflect upon how they have traditionally approached their scientific practices and, on the other, to reconsider and redefine their research priorities in the light of new findings and revise their methodologies and designs in the very scope of their field. Language researcher’s personal commitments and presumptions and other issues of central importance will, definitely, influence future developments in research programs in applied linguistics and possibly result in fundamental changes in the way researchers in linguistics currently view their own work as well as research priorities in general. The research topics and approaches applied in the field of philosophy of research in applied linguistics, definitely, involve various philosophical and theoretical commitments, as well as methodological preferences and practices. In the present paper, alternative beliefs about the fundamental issues of the philosophy of research in applied linguistics and the central issues in research methodologies have been discussed.