حسین علیمحمدی

Today, the world faces environmental crises that have led to the loss of biodiversity. Biodiversity, which is essential for the processes supporting all life on Earth, refers to the variety of life at all levels—ranging from genes to ecosystems—and is classified into three levels: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. This research, employing a descriptive-analytical approach and based on careful interpretations, examines the scientific concepts related to the three levels of biodiversity as mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, to highlight the importance of biodiversity for the continuity of life, which is addressed in various forms within the Qur’anic verses. The results show that at the genetic diversity level, there are verses expressing genetic variation within the human species and other organisms. At the species diversity level, numerous verses reflect the diversity among plants and animals from different perspectives. At the ecosystem diversity level, some verses refer to the variety of ecosystems present on Earth, including forests, grasslands, gardens, agricultural lands, pastures, rivers, mountains, valleys, deserts, marine environments, and others. Overall, the research results indicate that many Qur’anic verses emphasize the diversity of life and its components.

Objective : This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of Sportspersonship, competitive anger, and aggression among professional and recreational female football players in Iran. Method: Utilizing an applied, causal-comparative design, data were collected from 330 participants—150 professional players from the Iranian Women’s Premier League and 180 recreational players active in Tehran. Three validated instruments were employed: the Sportspersonship Questionnaire Vallerand and Brière (1), the Competitive Anger Scale Maxwell and Moores (2) and the Aggression Questionnaire Buss and Perry (3). statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 24. One Sample T-Test and independent t-test were used. Results : The findings of the study showed that the levels of aggression, anger, and violence in professional and recreational female soccer players are significantly higher than average. There is a significant difference between the levels of anger and violence among professional and recreational female soccer players. The results revealed that professional players exhibited significantly higher levels of competitive anger than recreational players. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of Sportspersonship. Conclusions : These findings underscore the need for targeted psychological and behavioral interventions to address competitive anger and promote ethical behavior, particularly in professional women’s football. Emphasizing Sportspersonship and ethical conduct can contribute to a healthier sporting culture and mitigate the normalization of aggressive behaviors in both competitive and recreational contexts.