احمد جعفری صمیمی

The aim of this study was to The Impact of Renewable Energy Development Policies on Macroeconomic Indicators in Iran in 2020 through the exploratory mixed exploration model research method. The statistical population in the qualitative sector was professors of higher education centers in the field of energy and economics, and senior, middle managers and senior experts of the country's electricity industry and in the quantitative sector the managers and deputies of Ministry of Energy, Companies of TAVANIR, Regional Electric Company of Tehran, Fars and Mazandaran and SATBA by 180 people. In qualitative part 20 experts were selected by snowball sampling method and in quantitative part 123 people were selected by relative class sampling method with Cochran's formula. Data were analyzed in qualitative part with Delphi technique and in quantitative part with 105-item questionnaire with SPSS and Smart PLS software. To determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative part, the necessary tests including acceptability and capability have been used and in a quantitative part, the validity of the questionnaires was confirmed in terms of form, content (CVR and CVI range for each item between 0.6 to 0.1 and 0.85 to 0.1, respectively) and structure. The reliability and combined reliability of the components were estimated and confirmed between 0.847 to 0.951 and 0.759 to 0.931, respectively. Findings showed that the model of the Impact of Renewable Energy Development Policies on Macroeconomic Indicators in Iran has nine dimensions (objective evaluation, legal framework, compliance, management requirements, policy environment management, process evaluation, policy evaluators, auditing and the characteristics of the optimal method of evaluation) and 25 components.

Inflation targeting framework has become a predominant monetary approach across the globe. Williams (2015) believes that in a very real sense, almost all economies are inflation targeters -either explicit or implicit- now.(1) Due to the increasing spread of this policy, it is necessary to consider the way it affects macroeconomic variables. using prevalent economic models for evaluating the effectiveness of inflation targeting causes bias selection which for solving this problem, it is proposed propensity score matching model. the goal of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the adoption of Inflation Targeting policy on indirect taxes and its components in two selected groups of oil exporter and oil importer countries during 1990-2016 by using propensity score matching model. our results have shown that inflation targeting adoption in average has a positive and significant effect on indirect tax revenues in oil importer countries group but its effect on indirect tax revenues in oil exporter countries is insignificant. JEL Classification: E5, H2, C21.

One of the goals of the government is to increase the competitiveness of domestic firms to export goods and services. Moreover, the role of exports in many economic sectors has been emphasized. There are two essential requirements for developing non-oil exports: first, the presence of firms in export markets and increasing their competitiveness; second, the survival of them in international markets. This paper assesses the impact of leverage on export survival by using the data of 16 Iranian manufacturing firms from 1999-2018. These companies operate in the agricultural and food industry and are indexed in the stock exchange market. Based on Cox semi-parametric model estimation, the main result is that leverage harms export survival.

The study aimed at showing how to create and release cryptocurrency, based on which one can introduce a new generation of this money that can continue its life in the quantum computers space and study whether cryptocurrency could be controlled or the rules should be rewritten in line with new technology. Regarding this, we showed the evolution of money and its uses in economic relations. According to the theoretical basics, the concepts, principles and rules of quantum theory in the physics economics were distributed and the use of modern money by simplified electrodynamic patterns of Richard Feynman was shown. The result showed that the subject could be tested through the physics if the system is closed, and due to the limited nature of the creation of cryptocurrencies like bitcoin, with such conditions, this currency can supply the borderless economics with a new approach with infinite probabilities in the quantum paradigm. Furthermore, given the structure of cryptocurrencies, one cannot control them completely controlled and it is better to rewrite the rules for the creation, release and uses of cryptocurrencies