ع‍ل‍ی‍رض‍ا رس‍ت‍م‍ی‌

Understanding the philosophy behind the stucco motifs in the tomb tower of Semiran, Qazvin, can provide insights into the cultural unknowns of northern Iran. This study examines these motifs through library-based and documentary evidence. It appears that the decorative stucco motifs of the Semiran tomb tower can be seen as a continuation of the stucco art styles from the Sasanian period and the early Islamic centuries. This research comparatively studies the remaining motifs and decorations in this tomb tower, seeking to revisit Iranian stucco art and its integration with religious and cultural concepts of northern Iran. Moreover, it aims to examine the artists’ decorative and functional techniques to meet the specific demands of rulers and the aristocracy. Findings indicate that the Semiran Citadel reached its peak of growth and prosperity between the fourth and eighth centuries of the Islamic era. The surviving structures, particularly the tomb towers, significantly reflect the historical prominence of this citadel city during the Islamic period. Additionally, archaeological evidence suggests a flourishing social and cultural life in the central part of the Semiran Citadel City during the Timurid and Safavid eras. Collectively, archaeological and historical evidence suggests the prosperity and expansion of the Semiran Citadel City during the early and middle Islamic periods, especially under the rule of the Musafirids, Seljuks, and Mongol Ilkhanates. Despite its historical significance, the Semiran Citadel gradually lost its vitality and eventually fell into decline and oblivion