تحلیل شبکه ای و روندشناسی مطالعات احساس تنهایی در شهر با رویکردی علم سنجی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
احساس تنهایی به عنوان مسئله مهم اجتماعی و روانی در شهرها به دلیل پیچیدگی های زندگی شهری و کاهش تعاملات اجتماعی اهمیت یافته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل شبکه ای و بررسی روندهای پژوهشی مرتبط با تنهایی شهری، از ابزار VOSviewer استفاده کرده است. همچنین ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر ماهیت روش، توصیفی-تحلیلی است. در بخش تحلیل داده ها، از رویکرد علم سنجی با بهره گیری از روش های تحلیل هم واژگانی، هم نویسندگی، هم استنادی و تحلیل شبکه های علمی استفاده شده است. داده ها از پایگاه استنادی وب آو ساینس استخراج شده اند. در فرایند جست وجو، از میان 8362 مقاله اولیه، با الگوریتم بهینه سازی شده، 310 مقاله مرتبط شناسایی و تحلیل شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که مطالعات مرتبط با احساس تنهایی از سال 2010 روند روبه رشدی داشته و در سال های اخیر، به ویژه متأثر از همه گیری کووید-19، به طور چشمگیری افزایش یافته است. کشورهای آمریکا، چین و انگلستان به عنوان پیشروان این حوزه، بیشترین تأثیر را در تولید علم داشته اند. مقاله «مقیاس تنهایی یو سی ال ای[1] (نسخه 3)» اثر راسل، به عنوان پراستنادترین منبع در این زمینه شناسایی شد. مفهوم تنهایی در بستر شهری بیشتر با عوامل جمعیت شناختی، اجتماعی، روان شناختی و ویژگی های فردی در ارتباط بوده است؛ اما نقش شهر به عنوان عاملی مؤثر در ایجاد یا تشدید احساس تنهایی، به طور جامع بررسی نشده است. پژوهش حاضر با تأکید بر شکاف های پژوهشی موجود، بر اهمیت انجام تحقیقات گسترده و چندوجهی در زمینه رابطه میان شهر و تنهایی تأکید دارد. ضرورت ایجاد شبکه های همکاری بین المللی، به کارگیری رویکردهای نوین و ابزارهای تحلیلی پیشرفته و شناسایی مفاهیم و منابع کلیدی جدید در این حوزه برجسته شده است. یافته ها مسیرهای جدیدی را برای تحقیقات آینده پیشنهاد می دهند و به گسترش دامنه مطالعات علمی در این زمینه کمک می کنند، درحالی که راهنمای ارزشمندی برای پژوهشگران، سیاست گذاران و برنامه ریزان شهری فراهم می آورند.Network Analysis and Trend Analysis of Urban Loneliness Studies: A Scientometric Approach
Introduction
The phenomenon of loneliness has become a significant social and psychological concern in urban areas, largely due to the complexities of urban life and a decline in social interactions. Urban loneliness, as both a psychological and social issue, manifests as a malaise stemming from the disconnection between individuals and their environments. Therefore, urban planning must prioritize the creation of spaces that mitigate feelings of loneliness and their detrimental effects on individual health. This study aimed to perform a network analysis and examine research trends related to urban loneliness using the VOSviewer tool.
Materials & Methods
This research was philosophically grounded in pragmatism and situated within the interpretive paradigm. It was classified as applied research based on its objectives. Methodologically, a descriptive and analytical qualitative approach was employed. A scientometric framework was utilized, incorporating bibliometric and visualization techniques, such as co-word analysis, co-authorship analysis, co-citation analysis, and social network analysis. Library research methods were implemented to collect data for the literature review and construct the research database.
The initial statistical population comprised 8,362 articles related to loneliness, which was obtained through an unrestricted search. To refine the database and ensure relevance to the research scope, various extraction methods based on the research keywords were tested with the results of each method evaluated. This iterative process continued until an optimal search algorithm tailored to the research objectives was developed. Ultimately, 310 articles directly relevant to the topic were selected for co-occurrence analysis.
Data analysis employed bibliometric and scientometric methods, particularly co-word analysis, using the VOSviewer software environment. The analysis included models, such as Citation Analysis, Co-Citation Analysis, Co-Authorship Analysis, Keyword Analysis, and Publication Analysis.
Discussion of Results & Conclusion
Research on loneliness has seen gradual growth from the 1950s to the late 1990s, primarily concentrating on clinical psychology and sociology, with a focus on identifying factors that influence the experience of loneliness. Since the 2000s, the pace of research has accelerated, branching into various fields, including social psychology and neuroscience. The 2010s marked a period of exponential growth with studies examining loneliness across different age groups and specific life circumstances. Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, research on loneliness reached its peak, becoming a central focus of scientific inquiry.
Co-word analysis of keywords identified core terms, such as "loneliness", "social isolation", "mental health", "depression", "social support", "older adults", and "COVID-19", which exhibited the highest frequencies. Recent studies have introduced concepts like "coronavirus", "pandemics", "gender", "social media", and "welfare status" into the discourse on loneliness. Since 2020, "city" and "rural" have also emerged as significant terms in this field.
Co-citation analysis revealed that the "UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3)" published in 1996 by Russell was the most highly cited reference in the domain of "loneliness and the city". An analysis of the countries contributing to loneliness research showed that China and the United States ranked first and second, respectively, while Iran held the 13 th position with 7 publications. In terms of citations, the United States led with 2,134 citations followed by the United Kingdom and China. Network analysis of co-citation indicated that research in the field of loneliness had been published across 213 journals with the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health having the most significant impact.
Examining the evolution of research revealed that, in recent decades, the concept of loneliness within urban contexts had been linked to demographic, social, and psychological factors, as well as individual characteristics and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, significant gaps remained in the existing literature, particularly regarding the role of urban environments as exacerbating or causative factors of loneliness.
While numerous studies had addressed social isolation, few had specifically focused on environmental loneliness or urban loneliness, which arose from the interaction between individuals and urban spaces. Given the growing importance of loneliness as a complex social issue in the 21 th century, there was an urgent need for comprehensive and multifaceted research exploring the relationship between cities and loneliness. The findings underscored that identifying research gaps in the field of "loneliness and urban studies" could serve as a valuable resource for scholars. This identification could facilitate the formation of international collaborative networks, highlight key reference sources and highly cited articles, and uncover emerging keywords in this area. Importantly, the results of this study may pave the way for future research directions and contribute to the expansion of studies within this scientific field.
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