بررسی بن مایه های تصاویر شعری در دو رُمان «نخل های بی سر» و «گلاب خانم» از قاسمعلی فراست (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در این مقاله با روش تحلیلی- توصیفی، تصاویر شعری دو رمان «نخل های بی سر» و «گلاب خانم» از قاسمعلی فراست استخراج شده است. پژوهش حاضر به دنبال پاسخ به این سؤال بود که آیا بررسی تصاویر خیالی در این دو رمان می تواند بن مایه های حاکم بر آن ها و تفاوت شان را آشکار کند؟ نتیجه بررسی ها مشخص کرد که فضای داستانی در هر دو رمان تحت تأثیر آرایه های ادبی است و بن مایه های مفهومی درد و رنج، تهاجم، مقاومت، اندوه و ایثار، تشبیهات نخل های بی سر را در برگرفته اند. در تشبیهات رمان گلاب خانم، بن مایه های مفهومی توصیف زیبایی، حالات موسی و گلاب و عشق و حرارات بین آن دو، بیشترین بسامد را دارند. انسان پنداری های متعدد در نخل های بی سر، بر بن مایه های مکان، حوادث، اشیاء و اشخاص مجازی استوارند و بن مایه های تشخیص در رمان «گلاب خانم» شامل اشیائی است که از مفاهیم غنایی سرشارند. نمادهای خورشید، ماه، آب و درخت، «نخل های بی سر» را از عمق اندیشه برخوردار کرده و در «گلاب خانم»، شخصیت زن به عنوان نمادی از ایثار در نظر گرفته شده است. لایت موتیف رمان اول، نخل به عنوان نماد ایستادگی و شهادت و در رمان دوم عشق و هم آغوشی است. در «نخل های بی سر»، فراست با کاربرد آرایه تشخیص، موتیف خرمشهر را برجسته نموده و بر حماسه و سرزندگی مبارزان در سال های اول جنگ تأکید کرده است؛ حال آن که در رمان «گلاب خانم» که سال ها بعد نگارش یافته، با عقب نشینی از انسان پنداری و با تکیه بر تشبیهات غنایی، بر زخم های رزمندگان خسته از جنگ که گرفتار بی مهری جامعه شده بودند مرهم نهاده و آنان را به زندگی عادی و روزمره فراخوانده است.Analyzing Motifs and Poetic Imagery in Qasem Ali Ferasat’s Novels Headless Palms and Lady Golab
This article employs a descriptive-analytical approach to discern and analyze the poetic imagery present in two books, namely Headless Palms and Lady Golab , both written by Qasem Ali Ferasat. The investigations indicate that the literary arrays have a significant influence on the setting of both works. Headless Palms has abstract notions of anguish, suffering, aggression, resistance, sadness, and sacrifice, while Lady Golab has abstract components of depicting beauty, Musa and Golab's conditions, and the love they possess. Headless Palms is replete with anthropomorphisms that derive inspiration from a diverse range of symbols found in physical locations, occurrences, items, and virtual identities. Lady Golab combines symbols of personification that are abundant in lyrical notions. The headless palm trees acquire a sense of introspection through their representations of the sun, moon, water, and tree. Meanwhile, people revere Lady Golab, the female figure, as an embodiment of selflessness. The palm tree assumes a prominent role in the initial novel, serving as a symbol of defiance and self-sacrifice. Concurrently, the second novel delves into the concepts of love and acceptance. In Headless Palms , Ferasat draws emphasis to the Khorramshahr motif by employing personification and highlighting the heroic qualities of the fighters. Nevertheless, in Lady Golab , he adopts a contrasting method by employing poetic comparisons to entice the battle-worn warriors to return to a conventional existence. Introduction An essential form of literature that embodies resistance is known as the holy defensive novel. One of the valuable writing approaches employed in this type of fiction is the employment of diverse types of narrative to critically reassess reality. One of these techniques involves handling lyrical imagery. Imagery in every piece of writing encompasses several literary devices such as similes, metaphors, and irony; these elements contribute to the creation of poetic imagery. The utilization of simile and its related forms, such as metaphor and personification, in the novel can enhance the portrayal by effectively conveying the ambiance and emotional state of the characters. Examining fictitious visuals leads us to the fundamental elements of a piece of art. Alongside these visuals, there exists a topic or motif, as well as the shape and structure of the artwork, which together establish its prevailing concept or overall perspective. The motif is a prevailing conviction found in all literary works and contributes to the overall significance or central topic of the work. The meaning referred to in this context can encompass several elements such as a character, a picture, or a recurring linguistic pattern (Cuddon, 2006: 405). An effective method of analysis in literary criticism involves identifying themes and delineating their impact within the text. Motifs can be categorized into six groups: persons, events, objects, concepts, symbols, time, and place. These elements serve a specific purpose when they contribute to a story's movement, either through repetition, emphasis, or direct involvement (see Parsansab, 2018: 26). One of the motifs in the story is referred to as a "light motif." This motif contains the main theme and central point of the text. The term "leitmotif" in German refers to the repeated repetition of a specific verbal or musical phrase, set of definitions, or group of images (Abrams, 2017: 256). This research aims to analyze the significant issues in two books by Qasem Ali Ferasat by studying the poetic imagery employed. Literature Review Within the realm of simile analysis in various novels, one can consult the article "The Function of Simile in Creating Space in the Novel Symphony of the Dead " by Asadi and Hosseini (2018). This article examines the aspects of similes, identifies their shared characteristics, and uncovers the underlying meanings and concepts conveyed in the text. The article "Analysis and Investigation of Motif Types and Their Functions in the Works of Balqis Soleimani" (2016) by Sarfi, Modbari, and Alinejad explores various types of motifs, including visual, linguistic, conscious, and unconscious motifs, and their roles in Soleimani's works. The article "Symbolic Motifs and Narrative Tricks in Ermia from the Series of Stories of the Holy Defense" (2009) by Fateme Kopa examines archetypes and symbolic motifs, including plants, water, voluntary dying, and the hero's change throughout the story. Within the scope of the two novels being examined, there are additional written works, such as "Comparison of Lifestyle in the Stories of Headless Palm Trees and Love in the Forbidden Area of Qasem Ali Ferasat" (2012) by Hanif. This article primarily explores the themes of venerating love, opposing tyranny, pursuing justice, and acknowledging sacrifice. The stories written by Qasem Ali Ferasat are significant. Zarifinia and Bashiri authored the "Analysis of the Lifestyle in the Novel Headless Palms and Deeply Rooted " (2021). Their conclusion is that in Headless Palms , the unity of the people in facing the adversary demonstrates the religious lifestyle as a consistent discourse. In Sadeghinia's (2017) article, "Investigation and Analysis of the Symbols of Stability and Their Relationship with the Elements of the Story in the Novel Lady Golab ," the author scrutinizes the novel's prominent symbols, concluding that the most prevalent symbols represent people, thereby characterizing the novel as a character-driven one. Alipour's 2016 study, "A Constructivist Criticism on the Semantic Contrast of the Novel Lady Golab by Qasem Ali Ferasat," delves into the novel's character, location, description, and meaning contrasts. Currently, there is a lack of independent study that explores and compares poetic imagery in the novels Headless Palms and Lady Golab and identifies their significant features. The absence of such research is evident, and its importance is recognized. Research Methodology In this research, data analysis was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach, following the collection of sources and note-taking. This study aims to analyze the similarities and differences between the two novels by examining poetic imagery and identifying various motifs such as characters, concepts, objects, events, time, and place. Conclusion Over the course of twelve years, Qasem Ali Ferasat authored two novels within the realm of sustainable fiction: Headless Palms (1983) and Lady Golab (1995). The initial novel explores the onset of the Baath regime's invasion, the occupation of Khorramshahr, and the martyrdom of soldiers. The subsequent novel delves into the challenges and dilemmas faced by veterans in the aftermath of the conflict. Both novels employ poetic imagery through similes, metaphors, and symbols. However, their motifs and leitmotifs exhibit notable distinctions, which have emerged due to the passage of time and society's gradual detachment from the ideals and passions of the war's early years. The novel Headless Palms explores the themes of suffering, the challenges of life, the atmosphere of an occupied city, invasion, resistance, warfare, and the compassion and intimacy between people. On the other hand, Lady Golab focuses on the description of the city of Tehran and its environment. The key components of its similes are the sanatorium, the depiction of the states of Musa and Golab, and the expression of love and warmth between them.
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