شناسایی مؤلفه ها و سطح بندی ابعاد توسعه زیست بوم کارآفرینی فناورانه دانشگاه رازی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
زیست بوم کارآفرینی فناورانه مجموعه پیچیده ای از اجزا و روابط است که امکان ایجاد و رشد شرکت های فناوری جدید را فراهم می سازد. این زیست بوم ها باید به وضوح تعریف و ارزیابی شوند تا به استقرار و توسعه مناسب خود برسند. هدف این پژوهش ترسیم مؤلفه های اصلی زیست بوم کارآفرینی فناورانه دانشگاه رازی برای توسعه چارچوب جامع این زیست بوم و سطح بندی ابعاد اصلی آن است. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و باتوجه به ماهیت آن جزء پژوهش های آمیخته (کیفی - کمی) از نوع اکتشافی - متوالی و بر اساس گردآوری داده ها از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی و اسنادی - میدانی می باشد. جامعه مورد مطالعه شامل کلیه خبرگان کلیدی دارای سابقه مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش است که با 12 مصاحبه اشباع نظری محقق شد. در این پژوهش از روش های تحلیل تم مبتنی بر قیاس و تحلیل تفسیری - ساختاری بهره گرفته شده است. بر اساس نتایج، 14 مؤلفه (حاکمیتی، مدیریتی، ساختار بودجه ای، ساختار نهادی، حمایت های نرم و سخت، اقدامات انگیزشی، مسئولیت پذیری، فعالیت های بازاریابی، شبکه سازی، اطلاع رسانی، الگوسازی، پیوندسازی و ترویج و نگرش) برای ابعاد اصلی زیست بوم کارآفرینی فناورانه در دانشگاه رازی شناسایی شد که ابعاد در سه سطح دسته بندی شدند. ابعاد بازار، سرمایه های مالی، سرمایه های انسانی و حمایت ها در سطح اول، فرهنگ در سطح دوم و سیاست ها در سطح سوم قرار گرفتند.Identifying the components and leveling the dimensions of development of technological entrepreneurship ecosystem of Razi University
Introduction
In recent years, the phenomenon of technological entrepreneurship has attracted the attention of researchers and policymakers due to its positive impact on economic development. There is a necessity to strengthen the role of scientific and educational institutions as centers for the development of technological, managerial, and innovative competencies, and to establish an innovative ecosystem as a prominent environment for technological entrepreneurship. The creation of a technological cluster, with a scientific and educational institution at its core, provides a platform for the development of technological entrepreneurship in a region and consolidates efforts of entrepreneurial, educational, and governmental structures . Entrepreneurial ecosystems in education have become the most important and effective mechanisms for transferring business community and knowledge within the framework of the university-industry-government partnership, creating value for the community and regional economy Researchers have considered the entrepreneurial education ecosystem, which is a systematic. In this regard, researchers have considered the entrepreneurship education ecosystem, which is a systematic and interdisciplinary approach, as a new research perspective for entrepreneurship education to identify its dimensions and components. Inspired by the above topics, the aim of this research is to identify and stratify the components of technological entrepreneurship ecosystem in Razi University through interviews and analytical processes
Methodology
The current research is applied in terms of its purpose, and in terms of method and nature, it is of a mixed exploratory type. Its purpose is to identify and level the components of technological entrepreneurship ecosystem in Razi University. In the qualitative part of the research, the main components were identified based on the review of related articles, texts and sources and experts' opinions through thematic analysis based on Eisenberg's entrepreneurial ecosystem model. Twelve experts in the field of the entrepreneurial ecosystem among university professors and opinion leaders were purposefully selected for semi-structured interviews in this research to achieve theoretical saturation. The interview questions were provided to them in advance in the form of a prepared protocol to inform and familiarize the interviewees with the subject, and the interview dates were scheduled. The average interview duration was approximately 40 minutes, and with the consent of the interviewees, the interview process was recorded for further review. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using the thematic analysis method based on open-coding of the data. The identified concepts and codes were shared with two university professors for evaluation and validation. The ISM technique was used in the quantitative section of the research to rank the elements of the technological entrepreneurial ecosystem at Razi University. For this purpose, an interactive structural matrix was first prepared in the form of a structured-interpretive questionnaire based on the six dimensions of the Isenberg model. Ten experts from the target community in the qualitative section examined the relationships between Isenberg’s entrepreneurship ecosystem dimensions with a technological approach for Razi University
Results and Discussion
For the qualitative part of the research, a total of 70 components for the technological entrepreneurship ecosystem of Razi University were identified based on the opinion of experts and the basic model of Eisenberg's entrepreneurial ecosystem in the form of primary codes. These components were classified in the form of 14 sub-themes (governance, management, budget structure, institutional structure, soft and hard support, motivational measures, responsibility, marketing activities, networking, informing, linking and promotion, and attitude). Finally, sub-themes were categorized in the form of 7 main dimensions of Eisenberg's entrepreneurial ecosystem (politics, culture, support, financial capital, human capital, market). In the quantitative phase of the research, the 7 main dimensions of Eisenberg's entrepreneurship ecosystem were placed in three levels using the ISM method and experts' opinion.
Conclusion
The ecosystem of technological entrepreneurship is a complex set of components and relationships that enable the creation and growth of new technology companies. These ecosystems must be clearly defined and evaluated in order to reach their proper establishment and development. The purpose of this research is to draw the main components of the technological entrepreneurship ecosystem of Razi University to develop the comprehensive framework of this ecosystem and level its main dimensions. For the main dimensions of the technological entrepreneurship ecosystem in Razi University, the dimensions were categorized into three levels. The dimensions of the market, financial capital, human capital, and support were placed at the first level, culture at the second level, and policies at the third level. Entrepreneurial ecosystems are dynamic and evolutionary in nature. It is now accepted among policymakers that there is an ecosystem conducive to the success of entrepreneurs. Each region has a level of entrepreneurial activity that reflects the unique and multidimensional nature of each ecosystem and the relationships between dimensions. The successful growth and development of an entrepreneurial ecosystem requires attention and focus on all dimensions of the ecosystem, however, in each ecosystem, the influence of some factors is greater than others, and for this purpose, in order to understand the priority of the dimensions of the technological entrepreneurship ecosystem of Razi University, these dimensions were leveled in this regard according to the importance After politics and then culture, among the six dimensions for the development of Razi University's technological entrepreneurship ecosystem, it is recommended that government policy makers play two important supervisory and developmental roles in promoting entrepreneurship. The first is a regulatory role to shape policies to provide a level playing field for actors by ensuring local justice. The second is the role of development through policies that help promote entrepreneurial investments and protect their interests. Also, in the dimension of culture, which plays a fundamental role in the ecosystem of entrepreneurship by promoting social norms and success stories of entrepreneurs and the spirit of creativity and risk-taking, it inspires budding entrepreneurs and draws entrepreneurs' failures as a bridge to achieve future success. Finally, due to the uniqueness of ecosystems, it is recommended for policymakers to examine the components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem for each region.
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