کاربرد روش ایتوس در ترجمه رمان عربی به فارسی (مطالعه موردی: ترجمه نصیحتنا إلی الجزّار از علاء الأسوانی) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
اهمیت مقاصد گوینده در ادبیات سیاسی، ساز وکارهای به کار رفته از سوی نویسندگان را مهم می سازد. با توجه به ارتباط تنگاتنگ ابزارهای اقناعی با مجموعه ای از عوامل از قبیل شهرت نویسنده یا راوی و نقش وی در ایده پردازی و تصویرسازی در ذهن مخاطب جهت نیل به اهداف معین، روش ترجمه حائز اهمیت است. ایتوس یک استراتژی زبانی است که به فهم متن و امکان ترجمه دقیق آن یاری می رساند. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی - تحلیلی بر سه محور اصلی پدیدآورنده متن و گیرنده و تأثیر چند سویه ایتوس در تولید متن و بازتولید آن تأکید دارد. بر این اساس، مهم این است که در بازتولید متن، شیوه درستی اتخاذ شود و پیام اصلی متن، روان و شیوا منتقل شود، چراکه ایتوس بر موقعیت و جایگاه نویسنده، برگردان هویت فرهنگی او، راهبردهای مترجم و برآورده شدن انتظارات خوانندگان از پیام انتقال یافته تأکید زیادی دارد. در این زمینه به بررسی متنی از علاء الأسوانی، نویسنده معاصر مصری تحت عنوان نصیحتنا إلی الجزّار می پردازیم. نتیجه اینکه دقت در ظرایف و تیزبینی های نویسنده در انتخاب کلمات و حتی حروف پیونددهنده عبارات و نیز معادل یابی واژگان و ساختارهای دستوری و متقاعدسازی عاطفی خواننده و استفاده از زبان روشن و مؤثر در فرآیند ترجمه کارگشاست.The Application of the Ethos Method in Translating Arabic Novels into Persian: The Case Study of Translating Our Advice to the Butcher by Alaa Al-Aswany
The significance of speakers' objectives in political writing renders the techniques utilized by authors especially important. The translation method is essential because of the strong relationship between persuasive tools and factors such as the author's or narrator's reputation, their role in shaping ideas, and the vision created in the audience's mind to attain certain objectives. Ethos is a rhetorical strategy that facilitates text comprehension and ensures precise translation. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on three primary axes: the text creator, the audience, and the complex influence of ethos on text production and reproduction. It is vital to employ a suitable technique in replicating the text to guarantee that the primary point is communicated clearly and articulately. This is due to the significant emphasis on the author's position and standing, the representation of their cultural identity, the translator's methodologies, and the satisfaction of the readers' anticipations of the communicated message. This analysis focuses on a work by Alaa Al-Aswany, a modern Egyptian writer, titled Our Advice to the Butcher. Findings show that paying close attention to the author's subtleties and nuances in word choice, such as the choice of conjunctions, as well as finding equivalents for vocabulary and grammatical structures, appealing to the reader's emotions, and using clear and effective language during the translation process are all very important for a successful outcome.IntroductionIn rhetoric, the speaker or writer aims to create an image that captivates the audience and persuades them, fostering a reciprocal communication exchange between the writer and the listener. We discover a collection of strategies and techniques when we analyze the works of orators and novelists that emphasize raising awareness and addressing public opinion while meticulously using the expressive potential of language. These methods and techniques are utilized to facilitate effective communication with the audience and to persuade them to embrace the intended concepts.Ethos, as a language strategy, has a historical foundation, and analyzing this idea might facilitate a clear comprehension of certain texts. It is very proficient in generating a valuable and suitable translation of the material while effectively expressing the nuances pertinent to the audience. Without knowledge or attention to this topic, the primary message of the text may not be adequately conveyed to the audience. By emphasizing pivotal words and terms that activate the audience's psychological elements, the translator can facilitate their gradual acceptance of the knowledge and the adoption of the intended actions. This method enhances the audience's viewpoint, the reinterpretation of the text, and their resolve to embrace or dismiss the concepts presented.Statement of the ProblemThe point of this study is to look into ethos as a persuasive tool and how it works in translation, as well as how it shows up in the steps of figuring out equivalence and choosing preferred language and expressions. The narrative "Our Advice to the Butcher" (originally "Nasihatuna ila al-Jazzar"), extracted from the anthology "Do We Deserve Democracy?" (originally "Hal Nastaḥiq al-Dimuqratiyah?"), functions as the case study for this analysis. Employing the ethos method, we examine the linguistic features and translation techniques of the Arabic text into Persian. Literature ReviewResearch in linguistics is a longstanding and comprehensive discipline. The same applies to text translation and its diverse methodologies, which have garnered the interest of numerous contemporary professors, students, and researchers. The domain of rhetorical techniques has been the subject of numerous books and studies. The primary source in this domain is Aristotle's (1979) Rhetoric. In this book, Aristotle characterizes ethos as a picture that emerges subsequent to discourse within the context of rhetoric. The rhetorical triangle, a notion established by the Greek philosopher Aristotle, encompasses three essential components of persuasive arguments: logos, ethos, and pathos. Numerous essays and theses have been written analyzing the works of the renowned contemporary Egyptian novelist Alaa Al-Aswany; however, none have examined the translation of his works through the lens of the ethos method. Consequently, the present study represents the inaugural endeavor in this domain. No article has yet been published regarding the application of the ethos technique in translation, and, to the researchers' knowledge, it remains unexamined.MethodologyThis study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology grounded on structuralism and incorporates the theories of substitution and collocation. It analyzes different forms of ethos as a potent discursive strategy in communicative processes that influence the subconscious to perform speech acts and achieve pragmatic goals. Furthermore, it examines the function of ethos in the text translation process and analyzes diverse methodologies.ConclusionThe ethos strategy highlights three primary dimensions: the text creator, the audience, and the diverse effects on text generation and replication. It is vital to employ a suitable technique in replicating the text to guarantee that the primary point is communicated clearly and articulately. This is due to ethos placing significant emphasis on the author's position and standing, the translation of their cultural identity, and the satisfaction of readers' expectations for the imparted message.The element of symbolism is notably evident in the collection Do We Deserve Democracy? by modern Egyptian novelist Alaa Al-Aswany. The author contends that democracy in Egypt operates solely as a façade and lacks any substance.The ethos method relies on convincing the reader. Therefore, to maintain the original author's stance and cultural identity, the translation must align the grammatical structures of the source text. The translated text must be believable and persuasive to the audience.The translated material must employ clear and compelling language, necessitating alterations in verb forms and tenses. Linguistic tools are essential for conveying the meaning, subtleties, and complexity embedded in the original text by the author. Every language has distinct powers and potentials, and the translator must comprehend the linguistic tools of Arabic to identify parallels in Persian. This guarantees, firstly, that the tools and grammatical structures of the source language do not encroach upon the target language, and secondly, that Persian readers experience a sense of familiarity and intimacy with the translated text, rendering it credible as though they are reading a text in their own language.Idiomatic expressions, phrases, and the names of locations and cultural situations must be translated to maintain the authenticity of the original author and to accurately represent their cultural identity in the target language text.
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