تحلیل اثرات عوامل مکانی و ارزش مسکن بر کیفیت زندگی در مناطق پرتراکم شهری، مطالعه موردی: منطقه 10 شهر تهران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در دوره کنونی شهرنشینی، ارزش مسکن با توجه به ویژگی ها و امکانات مکانی می تواند منعکس کننده سطح و کیفیت زندگی ساکنان باشد. هدف تحقیق حاضر میزان رضایتمندی ساکنان منطقه 10 شهر تهران از کیفیت زندگی با توجه به عوامل مکانی و ارزش مسکن است. در این تحقیق مجموعه ای از روش های آماری را برای ارزیابی وضعیت کیفیت زندگی مورداستفاده قرار گرفت. با توجه به نتایج می توان گفت وضعیت کیفیت زندگی در منطقه در وضعیت نامطلوب قرار دارد و ساکنان رضایت چندانی از کیفیت زندگی خود ندارند. داشتن امنیت کافی، امکانات آموزشی، دسترسی به امکانات، وضعیت سرزندگی، وضعیت حمل ونقل، وضعیت اقتصادی افراد عوامل تعیین کننده ای برای کیفیت زندگی ساکنان محدوده موردمطالعه است. به بیان دیگر، محل و موقعیت مکانی که مسکن در آن قرار دارد از خود مسکن، اهمیت بیشتری در تعیین کیفیت زندگی دارد. در این تحقیق متغیرهای اقتصادی همچون درآمد افراد ساکن در منطقه و هزینه های زندگی آنان بیشترین عامل اثرگذار بر کیفیت زندگی شهری مشخص شد. سپس شاخص های کالبدی-محیطی و هویت به ترتیب بالاترین اهمیت ها را برای کیفیت زندگی منطقه موردمطالعه دارند. این مطالعه نتیجه می گیرد که برای افزایش کیفیت زندگی در مناطق پرتراکم شهری، مداخلات هدفمند باید بر بهبود شرایط اقتصادی و افزایش اقدامات کالبدی متمرکز شود. علاوه بر این، درحالی که ارزش مسکن یک عامل مهم است، در نظر گرفتن عوامل های مکانی هنگام ارائه راهبردها توسعه شهری برای بهبود رفاه ساکنان ضروری است.Analysis of the impacts of locational factors and housing value on quality of life in high-density urban areas: A case study of District 10, Tehran
In today's urbanized world, the value of housing, influenced by its location and amenities, can reflect the level and quality of residents' lives. This research investigates the satisfaction level of residents in Tehran's District 10 regarding their quality of life, considering locational factors and housing value. A variety of statistical methods were used to assess the quality of life. Results indicate that the quality of life in the district is unsatisfactory, and residents have a low level of satisfaction. Security, educational facilities, accessibility, vitality, transportation, and economic status significantly influence residents' quality of life. Moreover, the location of a dwelling, rather than the dwelling itself, plays a more crucial role in determining quality of life. Economic variables, including residents' income and living expenses, were identified as the most influential factors affecting urban quality of life. Physical and environmental factors and identity followed in terms of importance. This study concludes that to improve the quality of life in densely populated urban areas, targeted interventions should focus on enhancing economic conditions and implementing physical improvements. Additionally, while housing value is a significant factor, it is essential to consider locational factors when developing urban development strategies to improve residents' well-being
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Quality of life is derived from the collective experience of a city's residents within their urban environment, considering both subjective and objective aspects. To assess it, both quantitative and qualitative dimensions must be examined simultaneously. The various dimensions of quality of life, including individual well-being, social relations, the urban environment, urban economy, and health, are linked to the social, environmental, and economic aspects of the city. One of the economic dimensions of quality of life is housing and its value. The value of housing is a function of the interactions of various characteristics within the urban system, such that the combination of intrinsic housing characteristics (area, number of floors, number of rooms, etc.) and locational characteristics (access to communication networks, proximity to schools and hospitals, the presence of beautiful landscapes, social fabric, etc.) determines its value and price. Moreover, the value of housing can reflect the features and amenities it possesses, and consequently, based on these characteristics and advantages, can reflect the level and quality of life of residents.
District 10 of Tehran, with an area of 807 hectares, is one of the smallest districts in the city. The physical structure of District 10 presents a uniform and extended landscape of dense buildings. The dilapidated fabric accounts for 38.3% of the district's area and ultimately results in a low quality of residential fabric. The price per square meter of residential land in District 10 of Tehran is slightly lower than the average for Tehran. Given the rising housing prices and renovations, it seems that this has led to the displacement of middle-class groups to this area, which in turn has affected the quality of life of residents. The ultimate goal of this study on quality of life is to assess the level of satisfaction of residents with their quality of life, considering both the intrinsic and locational characteristics of housing.
Methodology
To analyze the quality of life in District 10 of Tehran, a literature review identified the following indicators: identity, education, security, environmental-physical, transportation, accessibility, economic, and housing value. Residents of District 10 were surveyed to assess their perceived quality of life using a 5-point Likert scale, where 1 represented the lowest level and 5 the highest. To distribute the questionnaire, the district was divided into smaller neighborhoods, and questionnaires were distributed based on population density. A random sampling method was used. The questionnaire's validity was established through content validity, and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded a coefficient of 0.743 (α > 0.7, acceptable). For descriptive analysis of variables, descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, and variance were used. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the quality of life. Additionally, regression analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the impact of locational factors and housing value on quality of life.
Results and discussion
Based on the research findings, the quality of life in the studied community is low in some indicators such as identity, education, and security. In contrast, indicators like accessibility and housing value are at a medium to high level. Statistical analyses have shown that the mean values of different indicators vary significantly across groups with different levels of quality of life. According to regression results, economic factors, security, environment, and identity have a positive impact on quality of life. However, accessibility has a negative impact. Moreover, among the mentioned indicators, economic factors and security have the greatest impact on quality of life. In summary, economic factors and security are identified as the most important indicators for improving quality of life. This is because improving the economic conditions of residents and increasing income levels, as well as enhancing the security of neighborhoods in District 10 of Tehran, can significantly improve quality of life. Additionally, accessibility has a negative impact because neighborhoods located in the center or south of Tehran have better access to buses, subways, taxis, shopping centers, and so on. This part of the research demonstrates that the measurement instruments used in the study are reliable and valid. The results of the data analysis indicate that locational factors, especially economic conditions, have a significant impact on people's quality of life.
The results obtained from the research conducted on District 10 of Tehran are significant in several ways. According to previous studies, locational factors were not categorized in the same way, and housing was not examined with both internal and external criteria. In this research, each locational factor was analyzed separately and then in combination with others, and finally, its impact on quality of life was compared with the housing criterion. This research simultaneously examined multiple factors affecting quality of life, whereas most studies in this field only examine one or two factors. Furthermore, this research used robust statistical methods for data analysis, which adds to the credibility of our results. The selection of a specific area with the characteristics mentioned, i.e., one of the most densely populated areas of Tehran with high social diversity, located close to the central part and on major transportation and communication arteries, makes this study particularly relevant for policymakers and urban planners.
Conclusion
Most quality of life indicators in this region are at a low or moderately low level, particularly in the areas of economics, education, security, and transportation. Locational factors such as economic conditions, security, environmental quality, and accessibility to amenities have a significant impact on quality of life. Generally, improving economic conditions and increasing security lead to an increase in quality of life. Housing value is also directly correlated with quality of life. Higher-value housing typically offers better amenities and quality, consequently enhancing residents' quality of life. Although housing value is important, locational factors like geographic location and accessibility to public facilities have a more significant impact on quality of life. The economic status of individuals has been identified as the most crucial factor affecting quality of life.
Funding
There is no funding support.
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
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