معیارسازی برای داوری فیلم سینمایی با استفاده از دانش ضمنی داوران و کارشناسان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
باوجود اهمیت ارزشیابی و داوری محصولات فرهنگی، هنری فقدان معیارهای عینی و روشن در جشنواره های سینمایی، به خصوص جشنواره فیلم فجر ازجمله مسائل حاشیه ساز این رویداد مهم فرهنگی، هنری و مایه گلایه و ابهام بخش زیادی از جامعه هنری است. در این پژوهش تلاش شده تا دانش ضمنی داوران جشنواره سینمایی و کارشناسان سینما را به دانشی عینی و صریح تبدیل نماید و معیارهای روشنی برای ارزیابی فیلم های سینمایی و مشاغل آن ارائه نماید. این پژوهش دارای رویکرد کیفی است و از «نظریه داده بنیاد» به عنوان روش پژوهش استفاده کرده است. برای این منظور با استفاده از مصاحبه که رایج ترین روش استخراج دانش ضمنی در سطح فردی است، نظرات جمعی از خبرگان مشاغل مرتبط با حوزه فیلم سازی که سوابق داوری جشنواره های مختلف را داشته اند گردآوری، دسته بندی و مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفت. بر اساس داده های جمع آوری شده درمجموع به معیار و شاخص های 5 جایزه اصلی جشنواره شامل تهیه کنندگی، فیلم برداری، فیلم نامه نویسی، کارگردانی و بازیگری دست یافته که می تواند مورد استفاده در جشنواره های فیلم قرار گیرد. بر پایه نتایج به دست آمده ضمن ارائه یک پیشنهاد بنیادین و دو پیشنهاد اصلاحی، اعمال شاخص برای انجام فرایند داوری در جشنواره فیلم فجر با شرایطی در اصلاح ساختاری انتخاب آثار برگزیده مورد تأکید قرارگرفته است. در همین رابطه پیشنهاد می شود معیارهای ارزیابی فیلم های سینمایی در مشاغل موردنظر پیش از برگزاری جشنواره از طریق بحث و گفتگو با داوران، مشخص و به اطلاع شرکت کنندگان رسانده شود و از اساتید دانشگاه یا منتقدانی که علاوه بر توجه به رویکرد فرمالیستی، به دقایق نظری نیز توجه دارند، در گروه داوران استفاده شود.Standardization for motion picture judging using the tacit knowledge of judges and experts
Introduction: Despite the importance of evaluating and judging cultural and artistic products, the lack of objective and clear criteria in film festivals, especially in Fajr Film Festival, has caused a lot of complaints and confusion among artists, and this important cultural, artistic and has faced many challenges.Objective: The first question that must be answered to evaluate movies is, what are the criteria for evaluating or judging the film? Unfortunately, there is no clear answer in this regard, and judges always use their knowledge and lived experience in judging without a brief or extensive explanation of the reasons for choosing or not choosing a film. Even if the arbitrator or group of arbitrators change, the selections and results of the arbitrator may also change. The reason for this is the lack of clear criteria for judging. Therefore, each judge makes criteria for himself based on the findings and aesthetic criteria he has for an art product and judges based on that. For this reason, in this research, an effort has been made to achieve the goal of turning the tacit knowledge of film festival judges and cinema experts into objective and explicit knowledge and providing clear criteria for evaluating movies and their jobs.Method: This research has a qualitative approach and has used "database theory" as a research method. For this purpose, by using interviews, which is the most common method of extracting tacit knowledge at the individual level, the opinions of a group of experts related to the field of filmmaking, who have the record of judging various festivals, were collected, categorized and analyzed. placedResults: Based on the collected data, criteria and indicators have been determined for each of the awards for the main filmmaking jobs. These criteria, which can be used in film festivals, are as follows in each section:Production: attention to the cultural needs of the society, creativity, importance of the subject, issues affecting the society, audience friendlinessCinematography: framing, image aesthetics, paying attention to the world of the text, helping the director to create the desired atmosphere, mastering the tools and technology, light and techniqueScreenwriting: importance of idea and subject, characterization, power of dialogue, plot, structureDirection: creativity, decoupage, mise-en-scène, story processing, paying attention to the cultural priorities of society Acting: mastery of the body and physical capacities in playing a role, awareness of one's individual capacity, mastery of speech in expressing dialogues,Attention to the world of the script, attention to the hidden details of the roleSuggestions: Based on the obtained results, in addition to presenting a basic suggestion and two correction suggestions, the application of indicators for conducting the judging process in the Fajr Film Festival has been emphasized with two conditions in the structural reform of the selection of selected works: the first condition is that the indicators Creating should not cause a qualitative process to become quantitative, and another condition is that the creation of indexes should not be considered as a monitoring tool to apply the opinion of managers and influence the artistic view of judges. Considering the mentioned conditions, it is suggested that the evaluation criteria of the movies in the desired jobs should be specified and informed to the participants through discussion with the judges before the festival, and university professors or critics who, in addition to paying attention to The formalist approach, they also pay attention to theoretical minutes, should be used in the group of judges.
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