امید قادری

The present study is conducted to screen cases suspected to the anxiety in quake-stricken children aged 3-7 in Sarpol Zehab in 2017.The method was descriptive with screening design. Data was collected by Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) from 499 mothers with children aged 3 to 7 in Sarpol Zahab city. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS-23 software.The study showed the overall point prevalence for anxiety as 0.47. The highest and lowest prevalence were related to the aspects of physical injury (52%) and separation anxiety (34.3%). In addition, comparing the two groups showed no significant differences in term of anxiety and its components between the two genders. the mean of anxiety prevalence among quake-stricken children was 47%, which was higher than the prevalence of anxiety disorder and its mean in the populations of the previous studies. Given the high effects of stressful events in childhood and the significance of children's mental health in natural disasters, such as quakes, the need for psychological interventions for accurate diagnosis and provision of psychological services to children and families are felt more than ever.

This paper uses monthly price indices of 448 items of manufacturing sector in 2004:4 to 2016:01, to study the effect of exchange rate and its volatilities on price setting behavior of manufacturing sectors. Given that, many manufacturing sectors in Iran need to import raw materials, intermediate and capital goods in their production process, it is expected that exchange rate variations affect price setting behavior indices (frequency and size of price changes) in various manufacturing sectors. The results show that an increase in the exchange rate and also an increase in the exchange rate volatility lead to an increase in the frequency of price changes. In addition, while the exchange rate, itself, does not affect the size of price changes, the exchange rate volatility negatively affects the size of price changes. That is, manufacturers’ response to the exchange rate increase is limited to an increase in the frequency of price changes, but an increase in the exchange rate volatility increases the frequency of price changes and decreases the size of price changes. Also, the frequency of price changes in manufacturing sectors with high level of competitiveness and low level of raw material inventory is positively affected by the exchange rate increase.