خوانشی نو از نمادها و مفاهیم آیین مهرپرستی در آراء سهروردی براساس حکمت خالده (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
سهرودی براساس حکمت خالده (حکمت جاویدان، جاویدان خِرد) معتقد است حکمت حقیقی در همه زمان ها و مکان ها امری واحد است. بر همین اساس، سهروردی از برخی حکمت ها و آیین های پیش از خود مانند آیین مهرپرستی بهره برده است. در این پژوهش با نگاهی دوباره به تأثیر آیین مهرپرستی بر آراء سهروردی، مسئله جایگاه «مهر» در نظام هستی شناسی سهروردی و تبیین آفرینش براساس مهر و قهر در پرتو حکمت خالده بررسی شده است. همچنین، نشان داده شده است سهروردی براساس گرایش به حکمت خالده از مفاهیمی همچون مهر، عشق، هورخش و خره کیانی استفاده کرده و معتقد است حقیقت واحد با تعابیر مختلف در میان اقوام و ملت ها ظهور کرده است. او خود را میراث دار حکمای ایران و یونان و مصر باستان و ... می داند و در سایه تعالیم اسلامی تلاش کرده است حقیقت واحد که در طول تاریخ با تعابیر گوناگون مطرح شده است را در قاب زمانه خویش بیان کند.A New Study of the Symbols and Concepts of Ritual of Love in Suhrawardi's Opinions Based on Khaleda's Wisdom
Suhrawardi posits that genuine wisdom remains constant across time and space, referring to it as ‘Khaleda wisdom’ or ‘eternal wisdom’. In accordance with this belief, he draws upon ancient rituals and wisdom, such as the ritual of love. This study re-examines the influence of the ritual of love on Suhrawardi's philosophies, focusing on the role of love within his ontological system. It explores the concept of creation through the lenses of love and violence, illuminating the significance of Khaleda's wisdom. Suhrawardi's inclination towards Khaleda's wisdom led him to incorporate notions such as love, Horakhsh, and Khare Kiani into his philosophy. He argues that the pure truth has been revealed with diverse interpretations among various ethnicities and nations. Suhrawardi perceives himself as the intellectual heir of sages hailing from Iran, Greece, ancient Egypt, and other cultures. With the guidance of Islamic teachings, he endeavors to communicate the historical, unified truth that has been subject to myriad interpretations throughout the ages, contextualizing it within the framework of his era. Keywords: Mehr (Love), Suhrawardi, Khaleda Wisdom, Horakhsh, Sun, Khare Kiani. Introduction Suhrawardi maintains that wisdom is an eternal and singular concept that has manifested itself differently among various cultures and tribes. This belief is evident in his works, as he integrates symbols and rituals from diverse traditions, including Mithraism. Scholars have acknowledged the influence of Mehr’s beliefs in Suhrawardi's writings. Corbin (2003, 2005), for instance, highlights Suhrawardi's use of elements from Mehri rituals, such as Khereh Kiani. Similarly, through the analogy between the sun and fire, Dinani posits that the rational soul is akin to the brother of fire in this world. It is worth noting that the sages of Ishraqi, or the companions of light, are followers of Mehr and are associated with the tradition of sun worship in Iran. Alikhani's efforts to align the verses of Monas al-Ashaq with the content of Mahricht further underscore the links between the Mehr ritual and Suhrawardi's ideas. This research aims to elucidate the connections between the Mehr ritual and Suhrawardi's philosophy, focusing on the role of the term ‘Mehr’ in Suhrawardi’s thought and how it informs his understanding of cosmic order and creation. The resemblance between the ancient God Mehr Izad and Suhrawardi's Horakhsh is examined through the lens of Khalede wisdom. Suhrawardi's philosophical system is not merely an eclectic compilation of wisdom from different sources. Instead, his approach, as interpreted by Gannon, allows for the employment of universal symbols without subscribing to eclecticism. Consequently, Suhrawardi establishes a philosophical system that reconciles diverse wisdom within the context of Khalede wisdom. Materials and Methods This qualitative research adopts a historical approach to investigate the application of ancient symbols and concepts across various cultures. The study employs a descriptive-analytical method, relying on a thorough examination of library resources for data collection and analysis. Research Findings In Suhrawardi's philosophical works, the interpretation of Horakhsh and Mehr Izad presents a fascinating duality. At times, Horakhsh is viewed as the physical sun, while at other times, it symbolizes the spiritual essence embodied by the sun. Similarly, Mehr Izad is sometimes equated with the sun itself and at other times with the manifestation and spiritual essence of the sun. This dual interpretation suggests a deep connection between these concepts. The parallel treatment of Horakhsh and Mehr Izad in Suhrawardi's writings underscores the philosophical affinity between these two ideas. They both serve as conduits for the transmission of divine light to those who possess the receptivity to receive it. This shared function highlights the resonance between these concepts in the cultural contexts of ancient Iran and Islamic Iran, where they play pivotal roles in facilitating the communication of divine enlightenment to deserving individuals. Discussion of Results and Conclusion Suhrawardi’s ontology system is grounded in love and violence, and he has elucidated creation through the lens of love. He is influenced by the teachings of love worship in various instances such as Hoorakhsh's Niayesh, Kian Khereh, and giving up God's light by Mehr Izad, along with allegorical stories centered around the Sun. Furthermore, as Suhrawardi believes in Khaleda's wisdom, it becomes imperative to reassess the parallels between Suhrawardi’s doctrines and the tenets of Mithraism in light of Khaleda's wisdom. For instance, according to the principles of Khaleda's wisdom, the light of Khereh Kiani corresponds to Wilayat in Islamic philosophy and mysticism, which is rooted in the Quranic texts and Islamic traditions. The application of this concept from ancient civilizations to the Islamic world can only be explicated through Khaleda's wisdom. In addition, in Hoorakhsh’s the Great's Prayer and the Khara Kiani theme, we encounter universal concepts that transcend religious boundaries and are not confined to a specific group. These are timeless ideas that have been practiced and interpreted throughout history by divine guardians and sages. Suhrawardi, with a deep-seated rationality rooted in Iranian philosophical history, serves as a meeting point for diverse ideologies and wisdom traditions. He draws upon ancient Iranian, Greek, and Egyptian rituals and wisdom, as well as Islamic knowledge. While he incorporates elements of Mithraism in his wisdom of illumination, albeit not explicitly stated in his works, the presence of these teachings indicates their embeddedness in the traditions, customs, and subcultures of his era.
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