ارزیابی طرح های توسعه شهری و تبیین عوامل ناکارآمدی محتوایی و رویه ای آن ها در ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
سازمان دادن و نظم بخشیدن به شهر و چگونگی رشد و تحول آن و آگاهی کامل از ابعاد مختلف رشد و توسعه آن و کنترل روند آینده آن نیاز به برنامه ریزی های دقیق دارد. در همین راستا، طرح های توسعه شهری به منظور هدایت بهتر روند آن ها به گونه ای پایدار تهیه شده اند و بنیادی ترین ابزار شکل دهی شهرها بر اساس نظم و برنامه از پیش اندیشیده شده محسوب می شوند. انجام مطالعات و تهیه طرح های توسعه شهری آغازی بر بهبود وضعیت فضایی کالبدی شهرها هستند. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و تحلیل طرح های توسعه شهری ایران با استفاده از مفاهیم دیدگاه های برنامه ریزی و تبیین عوامل ناکارآمدی این طرح ها می پردازد. این پژوهش در زمره تحقیقات بنیادی-توسعه ای و روش توصیفی تحلیلی قرار می گیرد. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش شامل مطالعات کتابخانه ای است که در آن مفاهیم اساسی نظریه برنامه ریزی مرتبط با طرح های توسعه گرداوری شده و به صورت مرحله ای توسط کارشناسان ارزیابی شده است. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده معیار مشارکت و اجتماع محوری وضعیت نامناسبی را نسبت به سایر معیارها دارد. در ارزیابی مرحله ای از طرح های توسعه شهری، مراحل تدوین اهداف و سنجش وضع موجود، وضعیت بهتری را نسبت به مراحل تصمیم گیری و اجرا و ارزیابی پس از اجرا دارند. بر اساس این آسیب شناسی صورت گرفته، لزوم کاربست این معیارها در تمامی مراحل تهیه و اجرای طرح ها ضرورت دارد. تهیه طرح های کنونی نه تنها پاسخگوی بسیاری از ابعاد شهرها نیست، بلکه ادامه آن ها به این شکل و نادیده گرفتن مفاهیم اساسی، هیچ مشکلی را حل نکرده و چه بسا به دلیل همگام نبودن با تحولات زمانی، خود مشکلات عدیده ای را ایجاد کنندEvaluation of urban development plans and explanation of content inefficiency factors and their procedures in Iran
Organizing and ordering the city and how it grows and transforms being fully aware of the various dimensions of its growth and development and controlling its future process requires detailed planning. In this regard, urban development plans have been prepared to better guide their process sustainably. They are considered the most fundamental means of shaping cities based on pre-planned order and plan. Conducting studies and preparing urban development plans are the beginning of improving the physical spatial condition of cities. The present study examines and analyzes urban development plans in Iran using the concepts of planning perspectives and explaining the inefficiency factors of these plans. This research falls under the category of fundamental-developmental research and descriptive-analytical methods. The research method includes library studies in which the basic concepts of planning theory related to development plans have been compiled and evaluated step by step by experts. Based on the obtained results, the criterion of participation and community orientation has an unfavourable situation compared to other criteria. In the staged evaluation of urban development plans, the stages of formulating goals and assessing the current situation have a better status than the stages of decision-making and implementation and evaluation after implementation. Based on this diagnosis, applying these criteria in all stages of preparation and implementation of projects is necessary. Preparing the current plans not only does not respond to many dimensions of the cities, but continuing them in this way and ignoring the basic concepts, has not solved any problems and may cause many problems due to not keeping up with the changes of time.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Organizing the city and how it grows and develops and full awareness of the various dimensions of its growth and development and control of its future trend requires careful planning. In this regard, urban development plans in order to better guide their process have been prepared sustainably and are the most fundamental tools for shaping cities based on pre-planned order and program. Conducting studies and preparing urban development plans are the beginning of improving the physical spatial condition of cities. One of the measures that can be considered during the correction of incorrect trends and problems of master plans is the pathology of urban development plans. Indeed, by looking critically at how to prepare, implement, and content plans, issues can be identified to provide solutions. This study aims to investigate the method governing the preparation of urban development plans. So, it seeks to answer these questions:
What are the concepts of urban planning theories in order to prepare urban development plans in Iran?
What is the status of each of the concepts of urban planning theories in urban development plans in Iran?
Which stages of the process of preparing urban development plans in Iran are weaker and inefficient?
What are the causes and roots of inefficiency of urban development plans in Iran?
Methodology
This study is in the category of basic-developmental research and descriptive-analytical method. The research method includes library studies in which the basic concepts of planning theory related to development plans are collected and evaluated in stages by experts. In the present study, first, the basic and main concepts are extracted by examining theoretical approaches and perspectives. The method adopted in this section in order to achieve the goal is the method of chronological analysis of theoretical foundations that examines the evolution of content and procedure on the time axis. In order to achieve the research goal and evaluate urban development plans, because this section is based on the results of theoretical foundations studies, the method of directional content analysis has been selected as the research method of the studies in this section, qualitatively. In the data interpretation stage, quantitative methods are used to compare the differences between theoretical perspectives and the results of the analysis units to support the results of qualitative analyzes. Accordingly, in this study, to interpret the analysis findings, the rate of application of each indicator is determined based on the Likert scale. The highest frequency of each is determined based on the stages of the design process. The study's statistical population is urban development plans prepared and approved for the last fifteen years. The sample size was 70 people.
Results and discussion
Among the six indicators of the research, based on the results of the Friedman test, the index of context attention and flexibility, with an average rank of 4.55, has the highest score and has gained the first rank. The index of being multifaceted and multi-level and compliance with the rules and capabilities with the scores of 4.3 and 4 have obtained the second and third ranks, respectively. In the second half of this table, the participation and community-based index with a score of 1.15 is in the last rank. Problem-solving indicators with a score of 3.5 and Schedule and Axial Process with a score of 3.5 have been ranked third and fourth. Accordingly, the criterion of participation and community-oriented have an unfavorable situation compared to other criteria. Other criteria also had shortcomings in different stages of preparation of the plan and were in an unfavorable situation. In evaluating urban development plans, the stages of formulating goals and assessing the current situation are better than the stages of decision-making and implementation and evaluation after implementation. Based on this pathology, it is necessary to apply these criteria in all stages of preparation and implementation of plans. By applying these criteria only in the first few stages, we cannot expect the situation to improve.
Conclusion
In this article, while examining the theoretical foundations and views of planning, urban development plans were analyzed and evaluated Also, the shortcomings and deficiencies in the basic concepts were identified in stages, which can be theoretically and practically applicable Based on the research results, this issue is an essential point that needs more attention. By increasing people's participation in preparing plans, we can make much better and different development plans. Let's witness. According to studies and evaluations, the preparation of current plans has not answered the problems of cities, and continuation in this way and ignoring the basic concepts has not solved any problems, and probably due to not keeping pace with the changes of time, which creates many issues. While the main element in the construction of a city should be the quality of life of its inhabitants, and as a result, urban development planning should recognize it and prevent people from becoming victims. Based on the results, the following shortcomings can be pointed out as the main weaknesses of Iran's urban development plans: Study and goal setting stage: Lack of attention to the context and laws and capabilities, ignoring people's participation, lack of attention Enough with realism and contextualization; Decision-making and decision-making stage: Lack of basic concepts in evaluating and preparing an executive plan, lack of monitoring and cooperation of citizens, body-centered and community-oriented vision, lack of serious determination in the framework of sustainable development, design, implementation and evaluation phase after implementation: Executive problems and lack of coordination between different construction sectors, unpredictability and lack of use of creative methods to reduce conflicts, inconsistency with the speed and dynamism of the city and time changes, lack of financial and structural grounds for the implementation of projects.
Funding
There is no funding support.
Authors’ Contribution
All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
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