واکاوی عوامل مؤثر بر دلبستگی مکانی مناطق پیراشهری قائمشهر با تمرکز بر آزادی بهره-بردار (مورد مطالعه: محله ی مفت آباد) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه مسکن به عنوان یکی از پیچیده ترین بناهای معاصر، به سرپناهی موقت، بدون معنا و بی ثمر تبدیل شده که کارکرد راستینش- مأوا و مأمن بودن- را ازدست داده است. این در حالی است که توجه به تمایلات روحی و علایق متنوع انسان ها در کنار استانداردهای فیزیکی موجب افزایش کیفیت زندگی می گردد؛ ازاین رو بررسی حس دلبستگی به فضای سکونت به عنوان یکی از عوامل افزایش کیفیت در مناطق پیراشهری، به جهت وجود معضلات متعدد در این مناطق، بحثی، قابل توجه است. پژوهش حاضر، باهدف شناخت ارتباطِ مداخله ی بهره بردار در شکل دهی به فضای سکونتی و ایجاد حس دلبستگی به مکان، آزادی بهره بردار در شکل دهی به فضای سکونت را به عنوان یکی از عوامل مؤثر بر حس دلبستگی به مکان موردبررسی قرار می دهد. پژوهش با توجه به هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر روش، توصیفی- پیمایشی است، در بخش کمی شاخص های مؤثر در بعد آزادی و حس دلبستگی به مکان پس از استخراج از ادبیات پژوهش های مرتبط، با تکنیک پرسشنامه ی محقق ساخته، توسط نرم افزار SPSS.22 و AMOS و آزمون های آماری معادلات ساختاری و رگرسیون خطی مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها حاکی از آن است که، آزادی بهره بردار در شکل دهی به فضای سکونت، بر حس دلبستگی بر مکان مؤثر می باشد و «به رسمیت شناختن انسان ها با خصوصیات متنوعشان» از زیرمتغیرهای آزادی بهره بردار، بیش ترین تأثیر را بر حس دلبستگی به مکان دارد. همچنین آزادی بهره بردار بیشترین تأثیر را بر «مسئولیت پذیری» از زیر متغیرهای حس دلبستگی به مکان می گذارد. ازاین رو توجه به این شاخص ها توسط اشخاص حقیقی و حقوقی فرآیند ساخت وساز، می تواند به ارتقای کیفیت زندگی در فضای مسکونی مناطق پیراشهری بیانجامد.Analyzing the Influencing Factors on the Place Interest of the Suburban Areas of Qaimshahr with a Focus on User’s Freedom (case study: Muftabad Region)
Today, the housing quality, as one of the most complex contemporary buildings, is a temporary, meaningless and unprofitable shelter that has lost its function - shelter and safety; has been reduced; Because what gives quality to the space of human life is not only meeting his physical and behavioral needs, but establishing a meaningful relationship with that space, which makes the space upgrade to a place with special characteristics. It seems that the lack of proper knowledge of users’ needs of residential space, is a problem that has occurred due to the lack of direct communication between the designer and the housing user in most cases, this problem is another factor that should be taken into account, along with quantification. In few cases, the client or employer of housing, who is usually in contact with the architect, is the main user of building. The lack of this connection complicates the differentiation between the conventional needs and the real people needs. In other words, the creation of space is maybe the main and visible part of the architect's work, but another important part of the architect's art is the balanced interaction based on logic and emotion with the user (Alalhesabi, 2010: 42-31); because the final quality is the product of direct interaction between body and user, and not paying attention to this matter will be very harmful in the qualitative destiny of the residential space; use their opinion in the planning and design process is one of the solutions to understand the real needs of users (Eghbali and Hwesari, 2012). This process increases the possibility of adapting housing to their needs and thus increases public satisfaction with housing. But this situation formed if the designer and user are in direct communication with each other; In the current situation, where in most cases there is no communication between the designer and the operator, we should look for another way, a way that provides the possibility to intervene, change and accommodate the user's needs and interests after the construction of the housing. This work in suburban spaces, which are increasingly expanding in third world countries; it has double importance. Because the suburban residents are facing challenges such as limited access to social resources due to the existence of economic and social disabilities, therefore they cannot meet their basic needs (Poor rajbi et al., 2022: 36) and they suffer from lack of identity in the long term. Increasing the life quality of these people by increasing the place interest to the living space can help to some extent to increase the suburban residents’ identity.Methodology The governing approach to this research according to its purpose is practical and descriptive-survey in terms of method, on quantitative part, the effective indicators in the dimension of freedom and sense of interest to the place after extracting from the related research literature and The researcher-made questionnaire technique was analyzed by a sample of 400 people using SPSS.22 and AMOS software. The studied sample size based on Cochran's formula was estimated at 382.63 with a confidence coefficient of 95 percent; 420 questionnaires were distributed to ensure that the acceptable volume of questionnaires was returned; the complete return of these questionnaires was among 400 people and was the basis of the analysis. The designed questionnaire has two main parts, "general information and demographic characteristics" and "measurement of the variables in the hypothesis". The selection and explanation of research components and indicators was done according to the literature analysis and the subject background, so that freedom has been measured with 2 components and 10 items and the interest sense component of interest to the place with 3 components and 14 items. Table 1components of user freedom Components of interest sense to placeRecognizing people with their different characteristics(possibility using the space for everyone) Recognizing humans as selective person(providing multiple options to users) Participation satisfaction responsibility1- Usability for mixed uses 2- Environment for everyone3 – Flexibility4 – Vitality5 – Verity 1- Ability to choose2 - Freedom of choice3 - Access to opportunities4 - Environment Readability5 - Readability Attendance (possibility of continued attendance) 1- Individual factors (characteristics) 2- Environmental factors (quantitative and qualitative factors of the residential unit) 3-Cultural factors (suitability of the living space with family activities-suitability of the living space with the culture and customs of the family) 4) Psychological factors (desire to stay or return to the space - compliance with real wants and needs - feeling of closeness and intimacy) Trying to preserve and maintain the life place Results and discussion The findings indicate that the user's freedom in shaping the living space is effective on the sense of attachment to the place in Moftabad and "recognition of people with their diverse characteristics" from The sub-variables of user freedom have the most influence on the feeling of attachment to the place. Also, user freedom has the greatest impact on "responsibility" among the sub-variables of attachment to place.Conclusion Based on the results of library research and according to the information collected using the questionnaire technique and their analysis, it was found that paying attention to the factors in the house designing, which is provides the user's intervention in shaping the living space, after its formation, it has a significant effect on promoting the sense of interest to the place. Also, among the sub-criteria of freedom of use, the recognition of people with their diverse characteristics has the greatest effect on people's attachment to the living space.Architects, as one of the main users of the results, pay attention to flexibility in their designs in order to freedom to users in shaping the living space after its formation. Also, municipalities and institutions in charge of construction should pay special attention to collaborative designs in these areas, so that buildings with a progress percentage of 30 to 40 percent should be used for the users' opinion, in the process of construction, provide them to the residents of these areas.
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