آرشیو

آرشیو شماره ها:
۲۶

چکیده

پابرجایی پایین و از بین رفتن مناسبت برنامه های توسعه فضایی در برخورد با شرایط آشوبناک و پیش بینی ناپذیر ناشی از وجود عدم قطعیت ها و نامعلومی هایی که در رویکردهای اثبات گرا شناسایی نمی شوند، بازاندیشی مفاهیم معرفت شناسانه و شیوه های جایگزین فازی را ضروری ساخته است. در مصوبات قانونی موجود، حریم 1200 کیلومترمربعی کلانشهر تهران، با همه پیچیدگی ها و شباهت هایی که به یک منطقه شهری چندگرهی دارد، با سایر شهرهایی که مناسبات اجتماعی، اقتصادی و سیاسی آن بسیار ساده تر است یکسان انگاشته شده است. برای رویارویی با این چالش مفهوم گستره تر حریم شش هزار کیلومتری پایتخت در گفتمان نظام برنامه ریزی این منطقه کلانشهری مطرح شده است که تاکنون به دلایل متعدد محقق نشده است؛ اما تهیه طرح آن در دستورکار مدیریت شهری قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس، در مقاله پیش رو کوشیده شده است به شیوه ی نوین کارگاه آینده پژوهی و با نیت تصویرسازی آینده های محتمل پیشِ روی امر هدایت و کنترل مداخلات این محدوده، با نظرداشت انواع عدم قطعیت ها و نامعلومی های ناشی از شرایط ژئوپلتیک جهانی، تحریم ها، پیشرفت های فناورانه، تضادها و تعارضات قانونی و تفرق نهادی، روایت های چندگانه ای به شیوه سناریونگاری و تحلیل ساختاری ارائه شود. در تشخیص پیش ران های اثرگذار بر آینده حریم پایتخت از ذهن کاوی عمیق 13 کنش گر نهادی و متخصص اصلی شهر تهران بهره گیری شده است. نتیجه ترسیم طیفی از سناریوها و روایت نگاری 3 سناریوی خوش بینانه حریم آرمانی و پیشرو، سناریوی بدبینانه حریم بحرانی و فروپاشیده و سناریوی میانه حریم امیدوار، رقابت پذیر و فعال است. توجه به این سناریوها در فضای تصمیم گیری و برنامه ریزی حریم پایتخت منجر به تاب آوری و پابرجایی بیشتر راهبردها و سیاست های آتی توسعه فضایی آن خواهد گشت.

Confronting with uncertainties and unknowns in the planning of the Tehran’s growth boundary by participative foresighting

Extended Abstract Background and Objectives: Low robustness and the loss of appropriateness of spatial development plans facing chaotic and unpredictable conditions emerging from unrecognized uncertainties and unknowns in positivism approaches, has necessitated rethinking about epistemological concepts and fuzzy alternative methods. In the existing legal regulations, the 1200 square kilometers Tehran’s growth boundary, with all the complexities and similarities that it has to a multi-nodal urban area, is considered the same as other cities whose social, economic and political relations are much simpler. To meet this challenge, a broader concept of capital growth area of 6000 square kilometers has been introduced in the planning discourse of this metropolitan area, which has not been realized so far for various reasons, but the preparation of this plan is on the local authority’s agenda. Accordingly, the present study tries to present multiple future narratives and scenarios regarding geopolitical condition, technological progress, divisiveness and managerial and institutional conflict as different types of uncertainties in a new way and with the intention of imaging the plausible futures ahead. Methods: In order to identify the driving forces affecting the future of the capital’s growth boundary, in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 institutional actors and the main expert from Tehran. Using the structural analysis method or ccross-impact balanced analysis, the drivers identified by the main actors were classified based on two factors: importance and uncertainty. The MicMAC software is utilized to determine the degree of influence and importance, ultimately identifying the most effective variables. In this method, the internal relationships between the elements are explained using a matrix and the opinions of the participants and experiences of different specialists are considered to determine the key variables or, in other words, the key uncertainties. Next, alternative scenarios were determined by the participants in the future workshop and entered into the scenario wizard software. Finally, among them, three scenarios—optimistic, middle, and disaster—were developed. Findings: One of the most important uncertainties in planning the capital’s growth boundary revolves around institutional and legal factors. These uncertainties encompass various aspects, including the effectiveness of existing laws in addressing boundary issues, the accountability and transparency of trustee institutions, political determination and willingness to establish management structures for the metropolitan area within the boundary, the legal obligations regarding the allocation of financial resources to regional settlements, the official definition of the growth boundary, cooperation and coordination among different organizations, the role and responsibilities of the general department of the growth boundary in managing developments, the provision of necessary financial resources, and the alignment of territorial-functional decision-making procedures. As a result, three scenarios were developed: an optimistic scenario, a pessimistic scenario, and a probable scenario. Paying attention to these scenarios during the decision-making process regarding Tehran’s growth boundary will lead to more resilient and robust plans and strategies. Conclusion: Finally, to increase the robustness of Tehran’s growth boundary plan against the selected compatible scenario, the following strategic suggestions were presented; - Creating legal support by redefining the law regarding the definitions of limit zones and growth boundaries. This would involve excluding the metropolitan area of Tehran from the inclusion Notes 1 and 4 of Article 3 of the Law on Definitions of Boundaries and Privacy, aligning it with the executive regulations on definitions of territory and growth boundaries (removing the legal discrepancy from the definition of the capital’s growth boundary);

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