تدوین ضابطه ای برای حداقل ابعاد الزامی بالکن در مسکن آپارتمانی شهر رشت از منظر استفاده پذیری فضایی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه به دلایل مختلف غالباً مساحت اندک و نامناسبی از مسکن آپارتمانی در ایران و از جمله شهر رشت به فضاهای نیمه باز خصوصی اختصاص می یابد که این امر منجر به کاهش محسوس استفاده پذیری این فضاها می گردد. پژوهش حاضر تلاش می نماید تا نقش ضوابط ساختمانی را در زمینه بهبود استفاده پذیری این فضاها بررسی نماید. در این پژوهش، در گام نخست با رجوع به تجربیات بین المللی، ضوابط ساختمانی مربوط به ابعاد حداقلی بالکن در انگلستان، استرالیا، سنگاپور، ژاپن، دوبی، لوکزامبورگ و هلند مورد مطالعه تحلیلی قرار می گیرد. سپس مروری بر ضوابط ساختمانی مرتبط در نظام کنترل ساختمانی فعلی ایران و به طور خاص شهر رشت انجام می گردد. در ادامه بر اساس استدلال منطقی تلاش می شود تا تعریفی برای «تراس حداقلی استفاده پذیر» برای این شهر ارائه و مساحت و ابعاد الزامی آن محاسبه شود. سپس، تلاش می شود تا تصویری از وضع موجود طراحی فضاهای نیمه باز خصوصی در مسکن آپارتمانی متداول شهر رشت در مقایسه با ضابطه پیشنهادی در پژوهش حاضر ترسیم گردد. جهت انجام این کار به نقشه های مسکن آپارتمانی تایید شده توسط واحد کنترل نقشه سازمان نظام مهندسی ساختمان شهر رشت مراجعه گردید و کلیه نقشه های مسکن آپارتمانی سه طبقه به بالا که در بازه زمانی بهمن 1399 تا فروردین 1400 در این سازمان تایید شده بودند، شامل 340 واحد آپارتمان با مجموع 401 بالکن، به عنوان نمونه بررسی شدند. بررسی اخیر حاکی از آن بوده است که اولاً درصد اندکی از تراس های فعلی که در مسکن آپارتمانی در شهر رشت طراحی می شوند (17%)، ضابطه پیشنهادی را رعایت می کنند، لذا از نظر استفاده پذیری وضعیت نامطلوبی دارند. ثانیاً، درصورتی که ضابطه ابعاد و مساحت حداقلی برای تراس ها صرف نظر از تعداد اتاق خواب های واحد مسکونی در قالب یک تراس حداقلی دونفره تدوین گردد، چشم انداز نسبتاً بهتری از نظر قابلیت اجرایی خواهد داشت. مقاله با بحث و پیشنهادهای پایانی به اتمام می رسد.A regulation for minimum mandatory dimensions of balconies in residential apartments in the city of Rasht from the perspective of spatial usability
Extended Abstract Background and Objectives: Today, for various reasons, a small and inadequate floor area is often allocated to private semi-open spaces in apartment housing in Iran. This allocation results in a significant reduction in the efficiency of these spaces. Consequently, the potential of the space to accommodate the daily presence and use by the residents is almost lost. The present study aims to specifically address this issue from the perspective of the development control system and to consider the role of building regulations in ensuring the minimum acceptable usability of these spaces. Methods: In this research, in the first step, 10 international examples of building codes related to the minimum allowable dimensions of residential balconies in some developed countries of the world including England, Ireland, Australia, Singapore, Japan, Dubai, Luxemburg, and the Netherlands are studied and an attempt is made to identify the logic of calculating these values. In the second step, a review of building codes related to the minimum dimensions and floor area of semi-open private spaces in the current development control system of Iran and specifically the city of Rasht is performed. In the following, an attempt is made to provide a definition of the “usable minimal balcony” for the city of Rasht and to calculate its required area and dimensions. In the next step, the current status of balconies design in the apartment housing in Rasht is examined. To do this, the apartment plans approved by the plans control department of the Iran Construction Engineering Organization (IRCEO) of Rasht City were used and we examined all the apartment housing plans of three floors and above, which were approved in this organization in the period of three months from January to March 2021. During this period, 340 apartment units with a total of 401 balconies were approved by the organization. In the final step, an attempt was made to make a comparison between the minimal balcony dimensions defined in the present study and the existing balconies in the statistical community. Findings: Based To define the minimal usable balcony dimensions, the specific conditions of the target community must be considered. Otherwise, the possibility of enforcing this rule will be reduced. It should be noted that currently in the city of Rasht, there are no regulations regarding the minimum dimensions of these spaces. On the other hand, the current common dimensions of balconies in the housing market of Rasht City are significantly smaller than the standards of the studied countries. This has its own economic, social, and cultural reasons and the study of these issues is outside the scope of the present study. However, it can be concluded that the required dimensions and floor area of the balcony in Rasht apartment housing should be defined as smaller than the countries studied. Based on these considerations, the required dimensions of balconies depend on the number of bedrooms, the number of people living in the residential unit, and, in some cases, the geographical orientation of the balcony in the studied countries. However, in the present study, the minimum dimensions of the balcony in all apartment units are considered a fixed value. Thus, an efficient minimal balcony is considered one that has the necessary area for the installation and proper operation of a small set of a table and chairs for two people, a barbecue, and a gas boiler. Accordingly, the standard is formulated as follows: “In every residential apartment unit, it is necessary to provide a balcony with a minimum clear width of 1.25 meters and a minimum useful floor area of 3.75 square meters.” Conclusion: Based on the findings of the survey, it can be concluded that, firstly, a small percentage of the current balconies have the required area for proper use by residents. This is due to the small and unsuitable dimensions of these balconies. To be more precise, in one-bedroom residential
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