معنای تعلیل لفظ «أنّ» و تأثیر آن در ترجمه آیه 39 سوره زخرف (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
برخی از تفاوت های موجود میان ترجمه ها و تفاسیر قرآن، به اختلاف در استفاده از قواعد ادبیات عربی باز می گردد؛ از این رو در بعضی موارد، دیدگاه ادبی پذیرفته شده، در توضیح آیه تأثیر می گذارد. میانِ ترجمه ها و تفاسیر موجود از عبارت «أنّکم فی العذاب مشترکون»، (زخرف/۳۹) تفاوت هایی است که امکان درستی تمامی آنها بعید است؛ ضروری بود تا پس از تبیین معانی «أنّ» و ترکیب های نحوی آیه، به بررسی معنای تعلیل در «أنّ» و تطبیق آن با ترجمه ها و تفاسیر پرداخته شود؛ سپس میزان مطابقت آنها با معانی «أنّ» و ترکیب های نحوی طرح شده در مورد این آیه، مورد ارزیابی قرارگیرد، تا صحیح ترین توضیح از مفاد این آیه برپایه قواعد ادبی استخراج گردد. در نتیجه ارزیابی، صحیح ترین ترکیب که مشتمل بر فاعل بودگی عبارت انتهای آیه و مصدری بونِ «أنّ» بود، می بایست به صورت «بخاطر ظلمی که در دنیا کرده اید، در آن روز اشتراک داشتنتان در عذاب نفعتان نمی دهد.» ترجمه گردد؛ اما بعضی دیگر با در نظر گرفتن معنای «تعلیل» بصورت «منطوقی» برای «أنّ»، به اشکالاتی مانند: نداشتن پشتوانه ادبی، وجود دو نشانه تعلیل در یک عبارت و تعیین معنای نادرست برای «إذ»، انتخاب فاعل غیرصحیح برای «لن ینفعکم»، دچار شده اند. مقاله حاضر با تکیه بر منابع کتابخانه ای و براساس روش توصیفی- تحلیلی به همراه نقد به بررسی درستی یا نادرستی استفاده معنای تعلیل برای «أنّ» و اثرگذاری آن در نقد تفاسیر و ترجمه های موجود از این آیه، پرداخته است.Explanation of the Word “Anna” and its Effect in the Translation of Verse 39 of Zokhrof Surah
Introduction The translators and commentators have mentioned the four meanings of “anna” and its place in verse 39 of Zoukhrof surah. Among these, two possibilities are mentioned in the description of the literature. In the first possibility, the “anna” is in the infinitive format so the final phrase of the verse becomes the “subject” of “Lan Yanf’akom”. The explanation is taken from “ez” or from the general meaning of the verse. Some of the translators, and commentators have explained this verse based on this possibility. In the second possibility the “anna” is in infinitive form too, but the final phrase is in an explanatory role (Mafoul-lah). The “subject” is a pronoun in this case. Some of the commentators analyzed the verse on this possibility. Some of the translators, and commentators said two different possibilities that the linguists did not said those two. So in the third possibility, the “anna” is non-infinitive and the final phrase has “consequence” meaning. In the last possibility, both “anna” and “ez” in “explanation” meaning. They explain the final phrase in a non-infinitive format. To choose a criterion composition, the possibilities have been explored. At first, these possibilities were described based on literature books, Quran translations, and interpretations. After that, the reasons were explained and reviewed. Finally, we evaluated among the possibilities. Research Question(s) Main question: What is the translation and composition of the criteria in verse 39 of Zoukhrof surah with emphasis on “anna” and “explanation” meaning? Sub-questions: What is the position of “anna” in Arabic literature based on the literary analysis of verse 39 of Zoukhrof surah? How is the reflection of the concept of “explanation” in the Persian translation based on literary study about “anna”? What is the difference between translators, and commentators in literary analysis of verse 39 in Zoukhrof surah? What is the main reason for the disagreement between explainers based on literary and interpretive evidence? How is the composition and translation of the criteria based on the analysis of evidence and the relationship of this verse to others? 2 . Literature Review Many books and articles have been written in the study of “explanation meaning”. Among them is “The Method of Explanation and its Ways in Holy Quran” book by Mr. Yunus Abdolmarzok al-Janabi. He defined “explanation” in Arabic and its formats in the Quran. But he did not discuss the translation of “explanation”. The second is the “Explanation in Jar letters meanings” article, It was written by Seyyed Mohammad ibn-e Rasoul and Somayeh Najaf Abadi. They discussed the translation of explanation letters that influence choosing the correct translation of verse 39 of Zoukhrof surah. The third is “The role of context in the explanatory and emphatic meaning of this and its effect on endowment and initiation” article, It was written by A’zam Parcham and Fatimah Zamani; this article was used in the “explanation” definition, the differences between “anna” and “enna” in delivering “explanation meaning and Persian translation, the effect of choosing each meanings in endowment and beginning in “Anfal” and “towbah” surah. This paper will focus on translation and literature study. One of them is the literary study of “anna” in a compressive way. The other is the concept of “explanation” in relation to “anna”. The third is collecting all of the combined and semantic possibilities of verse 39 of Zoukhrof surah based on syntax scientists, translators, and commentators. The fourth is examining the correctness or incorrectness of each possibility and choosing a better possibility and translation and interpretation based on it and the interpretation of the Quran by the Quran method. Methodology This article is done by a descriptive-analytical method and library references. At first, the combined possibilities were described. After that, they were analyzed based on pieces of evidence. Finally, the correctness combined in verse and the translation and interpretation based on it were selected. Conclusion For the translation and combination of verse 39 of Zoukhrof surah, the literary study in this verse and transferring “explanation” meaning in translations were discussed. In this discussion, we used three groups of ideas: syntax scientists, translators, and commentators. Based on they ideas, the verse has four combined and interpretive possibilities. Two possibilities (the third and fourth possibility) did not have literary support; so they were incorrect. In other possibilities, they have literary support but if this verse each to similar (49/A’raf) verse in its literature and meaning, the first possibility is the only correct state. So the translation based on this possibility is (Because of the injustice you have done in the world, it will not benefit you to share in the torment on that day).
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