فهم عوامل زمینه ساز تصمیمات مکانی و مهاجرتی طبقه خلاق به کلانشهر تهران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در مقایسه با انواع گونه های مهاجرت، مهاجرت افراد خلاق و بامهارت بالا به ویژه در سطح داخل کشور کمتر موردتوجه قرار گرفته است. هدف این پژوهش تبیین عوامل مؤثر بر تصمیمات مکانی و مهاجرتی سرمایه انسانی خلاق و بامهارت بالا به کلانشهر تهران است؛ تا سازوکاری که تهران از طریق آن طبقه خلاق کشور را به خود جذب می کند را فهم و درک نماید. این پژوهش از دریچه نگاه گفتمان تفسیری و روش کیفی به مسئله پژوهش نگاه می کند واز تحلیل محتوا کیفی برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده استفاده می کند. داده های مورد نیاز نیز با تکنیک مصاحبه از بین 19 مشارکت کننده گردآوری شده است. بر اساس یافته ها، 9 متغیر بیشترین تأثیر را در تصمیمات مکانی و مهاجرتی سرمایه انسانی خلاق و بامهارت بالا در ایران و بخصوص کلان شهر تهران دارند. این 9 متغیر به ترتیب اهمیت عبارت اند از مدارا و تنوع؛ امکانات، مزیت ها و تمایزات؛ فرصت های اقتصادی و شغلی؛ نقش دانشگاه و محیط علمی؛ فرهنگ و سبک زندگی؛ احساس و امکان پیشرفت؛ عوامل شخصی و خانوادگی؛ داشتن جو بین المللی؛ موانع و معایب. تهران با داشتن دست بالا در این متغیرها جریان طبقه خلاق کشور را به سمت خود روانه می کند,Factors Influencing the Spatial Movements of the Creative Class in Iran's Metropolises: A Qualitative Study in Tehran, Iran
The migration of creative and highly skilled people has received less attention, especially at the national level, compared to all types of migration. The purpose of this research is to explain the factors that influence the location and migration decisions of creative and highly skilled human capital in the metropolises of Iran, with a focus on the metropolis of Tehran. It also aims to understand and explain the mechanism by which Tehran attracts the country's creative class. This research was carried out using the method of content analysis, and the required data and information were collected from 19 participants using the interview technique. Based on the findings, in Iran and especially in the Tehran metropolis, nine variables have the greatest impact on the location and migration decisions of creative and highly skilled human capital. They are Tolerance and Diversity, Facilities, Advantages and Distinctions, Economic and Professional Life, Culture and Lifestyle, Feeling Progressed, Personal and Family, International Atmosphere, and Obstacles and Disadvantages. Since Tehran has the upper hand in these variables, it directs the flow of the country's creative class to itself; thus, 52% of the creative class of the metropolises is concentrated in Tehran. Moving towards decentralization policies, especially from the metropolis of Tehran and balanced regional development in the country, can provide the basis for brain circulation in the country and, consequently, a relatively balanced distribution of the creative class. IntroductionLess attention has been paid to explaining the factors that influence the location and immigration decisions of the creative class in the country, and the few studies that have been carried out have tended to look at the issue through the lens of a quantitative discourse. The use of two epistemological ideas, proof and interpretation, and the comparison and combination of results from the perspective of these two different ideas in the methodology of the human sciences, can provide us with a clear understanding of the phenomenon and problem under investigation. Therefore, in addition to quantitative research, research with qualitative discourse and in-depth interviews with members of the creative class should enter into the problem and understand the spatial preferences and internal migrations of creative capital based on this method. Data and MethodTo gain a deeper and better understanding of the factors influencing the location and migration decisions of creative capital, this research uses a qualitative method based on subjective data obtained through direct interviews with members of the creative class. In this section, the unit of analysis is members of the creative capital of the metropolis of Tehran. The reason for choosing the Tehran metropolis is that 23.5% of its employees are members of the creative class and 52% of the creative class of metropolises are located in the Tehran metropolis. This question indicates that the flow of creative capital at the national level is towards the Tehran metropolis. The method of collecting subjective data in this part of the research was based on direct interviews using open-ended questions. Before conducting the direct interviews, the conditions of the reviewed codes were checked and verified. These conditions included belonging to the creative class and immigrating to the metropolis of Tehran.In this research, the selection of participants was done through purposive sampling to the point of data saturation. The aim here is not to have equal chances in the selection of community members but rather to select people with specific characteristics. In this respect, 19 people who were identified as belonging to the creative class (creative and highly skilled human capital) were selected as a sample. FindingsIn this section, the factors that influence the spatial decisions of the creative class are presented using qualitative discourse and subjective data obtained from members of the creative class. The qualitative method involves going to creative and skilled people and using the mental data obtained as a basis for analysis.From the analysis of the codes studied, 433 initial codes were extracted. The initial classification of the codes started from the first interviews and dense codes, subclasses, and primary classes were formed. The codes from each interview were compared with each other and with other previous codes and then classified based on similarities, differences, and distinctions. The classes were reviewed and compared several times by the researcher.This continuous comparison during the analysis process led to the development of classes and the placement of codes in the appropriate class. As data collection and analysis continued, some classes were merged and newer classes were created as new codes were extracted.In total, 433 primary codes were generated from interviews with people working in creative and highly skilled occupations, which were categorized into 19 sub-classes and 9 central codes or main themes. This means that the analysis of the content of the results produced 9 core codes that showed that these 9 variables have the most significant impact on the choice location and migration preferences of the creative and highly skilled human capital of Iran and especially of Tehran. Those 9 variables, in order of importance, are Tolerance and Diversity, Facilities, Advantages and Distinctions, Economic and Job Opportunities, Role of University and Scientific Community, Culture and Way of Life, Feeling and Possibility of Advancement, Personal and Family, International Atmosphere, Barriers and Disadvantages. ConclusionOverall, the explanation of the effective factors on the location and migration decisions of the creative and highly skilled class in the Iranian megacities showed that the megacity of Tehran, with its tolerance and diversity, with its amenities and servicing role of the city, with its artistic and creative atmosphere with the concentration of artists, and with the provision of economic and employment possibilities, and with the concentration of top and prestigious universities and higher education and research centers, and with the concentration of talents such as students with higher education, who to some extent are the future creative capital; Along with the concentration of top and prestigious universities and higher education and research centers and the concentration of talents such as students with higher education who are to some extent the future creative capital; and by providing a desirable culture and lifestyle of the creative capital; by inducing feelings and the possibility of progress; And having an international atmosphere, along with removing the shortcomings and obstacles (economic, cultural, managerial, etc.) compared to other parts of the country. ) compared to other parts of the country, can be attractive to creative capital. It can influence their decisions about where to work and where to live in a city. But this does not mean that Tehran's work is finished and that it does not need to improve its position. At the national level, the flow of the creative class is to Tehran, but at the international level, Tehran is losing its creative capital, which shows that Tehran's advantage in terms of creative city indicators and factors affecting the attraction of the creative class is relative, and at the international level, compared to other world cities, it has basic shortcomings.
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