پیامدهای طلاق برای زنان مطلقه با تأکید بر تفاوت های اجتماعی- جمعیتی مرتبط با آن: مطالعه ای در شهر اهواز (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف این مقاله مطالعه برخی از پیامدهای طلاق در زنان مطلقه با تاکید بر متغیرهای جمعیتی-اجتماعی؛ درآمد ماهیانه، سن، سطح تحصیلات و بعد خانوار است. با به کارگیری روش پیمایش، داده ها در قالب پرسشنامه و به صورت نمونه هدفمند و در دسترس از 440 زن مطلقه شهر اهواز جمع آوری شدند. باتوجه به یافته ها، از مهم ترین مشکلات اجتماعی زنان مطلقه می توان به نگاه حقارت آمیز جامعه به این گروه از زنان، احساس تحت نظر بودن دائم، مزاحمت های مکرری که باعث تضعیف اعتماد به نفس در زنان می شود، اشاره نمود. ناکافی بودن درآمد زنان مطلقه برای برآورده کردن نیازهای خود و فرزندان شان باعث شده این قشر از زنان با محرومیت اقتصادی شدید مواجه شوند. تحت تاثیر قرار گرفتن احساسات و عواطف فرزندان و همچنین احساس افسردگی در زنان مطلقه از مهم ترین پیامدهای روانی طلاق است. در مسائل مرتبط با سلامت و فیزویولوژی، افزایش مصرف آرام بخش ها در زنان مطلقه است که منجر به تغییراتی در ساختار بدنی و بدتر شدن وضعیت سلامتی آنان شده است. از یافته های مهم این پژوهش، اولویت مسائل اجتماعی نسبت به سایر مسایل (اقتصادی، روانی و فیزیولوژیکی) است. زنان مطلقه ای که درآمد، تحصیلات و سن کمتری دارند، در مقایسه با زنان مطلقه ای که تحصیلات و موقعیت اقتصادی بهتر و سن بالاتری دارند، به نسبت از مسائل و مشکلات اجتماعی، اقتصادی، روانی و فیزیولوژیکی بیشتری رنج می برند. نتایج این مقاله می تواند در بسیاری از ابعاد در درک و برخورد با مسئله طلاق موثر بوده و برای سیاستگذاران و برنامه ریزان جهت توجه بیشتر به مسائل زنان مطلقه راهگشا باشد.Consequences of Divorce for Divorced Women with Emphasize on the Socio-demographic Factors: A Study in Ahvaz City, Iran
This paper aims to study some of the consequences of divorce for divorced women with an emphasis on socio-demographic variables; monthly income, age, education level, and size of the household. Using the survey method, the data were collected in the form of a questionnaire and the form of a targeted and available sample of 440 divorced women in Ahvaz City. According to the findings, among the most important social problems of divorced women can be mentioned the humiliating and oppressive society's view of women, the feeling of being under constant surveillance, and frequent harassment that weakens women's self-confidence. The insufficient income of divorced women to meet the needs of themselves and their children has caused this group of women to face severe economic deprivation. Being affected by children's feelings and emotions as well as feeling depressed in divorced women is one of the most important psychological consequences of divorce. In issues related to health and physiology, the increase in the consumption of sedatives in divorced women has led to changes in their body structure and the deterioration of their health. One of the important findings of this research is the priority of social issues over other issues (economic, psychological, and physiological). Divorced women who have lower income, education, and age, compared to divorced women who have better education and economic status and older age, suffer from more social, economic, psychological, and physiological issues and problems. The results of this article can be effective in many dimensions in understanding and dealing with the issue of divorce and can be a way for policymakers and planners to pay more attention to the issues of divorced women.
Introduction
In Iranian-Islamic society, family and husband are considered the safest support for married women. The nature of relations with relatives and cultural and religious customs in Iran is such that it forbids women to live alone and stay away from home. Although divorce in Iran is considered as one of the prohibitions, the attitude towards it has changed and nowadays divorce in Iran, especially in Khuzestan province, is a deeply shocking fact. Divorce, which historically has not been common in the traditional religious province of Khuzestan, is now considered a normal and practical phenomenon. Considering the upward trend of divorce in Khuzestan province and Ahvaz city, divorce has become an important demographic-social issue for these regions. The purpose of this article is to answer the following questions: What are the most important consequences of divorce (in order of priority) for divorced women in Ahvaz? Which demographic, social, and economic factors are effective in intensifying the consequences (problems) of divorce for divorced women in Ahvaz?
Methods and Data
This article is a descriptive-analytical study that uses the survey research method to identify the most important consequences of divorce for divorced women according to some socio-demographic variables. The population of the research includes the divorced women of Ahvaz city, and there is no accurate information about the total number of divorced women in Ahvaz city. The sample was selected from divorced women who visited different branches of family courts in Ahvaz for seven months from the beginning of May to the end of November 2022 to follow up on issues related to their dowry and alimony. After participating in the briefing session and with the arrangements made with the head of the family courts of Ahvaz city, the questioners visited the eleven branches of this court and collected the data in the form of a questionnaire on several days and the form of a targeted and accessible sample, from 440 divorced women have collected.
Findings
In this article, it was found that social and economic issues and problems caused by divorce for divorced women in Ahvaz city are more than psychological and physiological issues and problems. Among the most important problems and social issues, we can mention the humiliating and cruel society's view of the divorced woman, the feeling of being constantly monitored by others, and being exposed to the harassment of those around her. Many men look at divorced women as fulfilling their sexual needs and as tools for sex. Divorced women in the economic field do not have enough monthly income to meet the essential needs of themselves and their children, which has caused the divorced women of Ahvaz to face economic deprivation, and most of them have an income below the poverty line. The most important issues and psychological consequences that divorced women in Ahvaz faced in the two cases were being influenced by children's feelings and emotions, as well as the feeling of depression in divorced women, which showed themselves relatively more. In the field of issues and problems related to women's health and physiology, the increase in the consumption of tranquilizers among divorced women in Ahvaz City leads to changes in women's physical structure after divorce and the deterioration of their health status. It should be noted that divorced women in Ahvaz City who have lower income, education, and age, compared to divorced women who have better education and economic status and are older, suffer more from the above economic, psychological, and health problems.
Conclusion and Discussion
It was mentioned in the previous lines that one of the important findings of this research is the priority of social issues over other issues (economic, psychological, and physiological). Unlike economic, psychological, and physiological issues, the average difference of social issues among categories of educational levels and income levels is not significant in the variance analysis tables. Now, in terms of average, it has the first rank among all issues. This shows that the social aspect of the issue has overshadowed all categories of education and income variables so that no significant difference is observed. Therefore, in the theoretical explanation of the current research problem, Durkheim's theory which deals with the level of the normative structure of society is more suitable than the micro-exchange theories.
According to the findings of this article, by holding rehabilitation programs, seminars, and special lectures for divorced women, the crisis caused by divorce can be overcome to some extent. Efforts should be made so that divorce does not prevent women from playing a role in the development process and as a result, marginalize them. Educating parents to minimize the damage of divorce for their children, providing counseling services, raising awareness for family support for divorced women, and modifying society's attitude towards divorced women and children can also be mentioned as suitable solutions to reduce the consequences of divorce. In the economic field, it is recommended that the relevant institutions (such as the welfare department and the relief committee) implement coverage and support plans to reduce poverty and ensure a decent life for divorced women and their children.
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