به سوی یک مدل مفهومی نهادگرا در مدیریت بلایا و سوانح طبیعی با تاکید بر سیلاب شهری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بیان مسئله: کشور ایران همواره در برابر بحران ها به ویژه بلایای طبیعی آسیب پذیر بوده است. تحقیقات در حوزه بلایا نشان می دهد که اگرچه این فجایع بر همه کشورها در جهان اثرگذار است؛ با این حال، مجموعه خصایص خطرساز طبیعی و اجتماعی در کشورها قویاً به مجموعه تفاوت ها در سیستم های اجتماعی و سیاسی این ملل در دوره های مختلف وابسته است. این استناد؛ گویای حضور عاملی بسیار پررنگ و اثرگذار در نظم دهی به چگونگی ساختار و فرآیند مدیریت بلایای طبیعی با نام «نهادها» می باشد. امروزه ابعاد نهادی مدیریت بحران به تدریج جای خود را در ساختار دانشی و حرفه ای مدیریت بلایای طبیعی کشور باز کرده با این حال فاقد ساختارهای جهت دهنده لازم در جهت جامع بینی ظرفیت های نهادگرایی در حوزه مدیریت بلایا و سوانح طبیعی است.هدف: جستجوی یک مدل مفهومی جدید به منظور جبران خلأهای در دسترس به دلیل فقدان وجود مدل های مفهومی روشن کننده جایگاه و ابعاد نهادگرایی در حوزه مدیریت بحران به کمک قرائت های چندوجهی و چندلایه از ابعاد نهادگرایی در حوزه دانش مدیریت بحران و بلایای طبیعی است.روش: رویکرد تحقیق کیفی و مبتنی بر تکنیک تحلیل های ثانویه از متون نظری در حوزه برنامه ریزی، نظریه برنامه ریزی و مدیریت بحران از زاویه نگرش نهادگرایی و تکنیک روشی پژوهش اسنادی است.یافته ها: پژوهش به طور مشخص با یکپارچه سازی ظرفیت های نونهادگرایی در دانش شهرسازی؛ یک مدل مفهومی نهادگرا را در حوزه مدیریت بحران را ارئه نموده که در آن سه رکن سازنده «شبکه مفهومی نهادی»، «آسیب ها و دام نهادی» و «مدل های تحلیلی و ارزیابانه نهادی» با یکدیگر در آن قابل نمایش می باشد و خلأهای کنونی دانش را در این حوزه به ویژه در بین متون داخلی پر نموده است.نتیجه گیری: مدل پیشنهادشده به عنوان یکی از مدل های در دسترس در حوزه اشتراکات نهادگرایی و مدیریت بلایای طبیعی علاوه بر امکان ارتقای مطالعات نظری حوزه مدیریت بحران؛ قابلیت جهت گیری در مطالعات کاربردی حوزه مدیریت بلایا همانند مدیریت سیلاب های شهری را در زیر سطوح مختلف فنی، مدیریتی و تصمیم گیری داراست.Towards an institutionalist conceptual model on the management of disasters and natural disasters with emphasis on urban floods
Introduction: Crisis and natural disasters are one of the basic fields in decision-making and public policy, which has significant connections with the planning and management system in cities. The importance of this area lies in the need to establish the stability and resilience of cities before and after the occurrence of natural disasters. Iran has always been vulnerable to crises, especially natural disasters. Phenomena such as floods and their types in cities have multiple and multifaceted unpredictable characteristics, and the optimal management patterns require specific and comprehensive analytical models in this field.Research in disasters shows that although these disasters affect all countries around the world; However, the set of natural and social risk factors in different countries depends strongly on the set of differences in the social and political systems of these nations in different. This citation shows a very prominent and very effective factor in regulating the structure and process of disaster and natural disaster management in all countries of the world called "institutions". According to this problem, the knowledge of crisis management based on the set of successful and unsuccessful practical experiences is constantly looking for the improvement of the set of theoretical and practical models effective in the efficient management of natural disasters in order to establish a faster and more favorable normal life cycle in times of crisis, especially after the occurrence of a crisis.Therefore, with the help of this critical approach and the use of the current accumulated achievements of knowledge, such as the links between planning theory and institutionalism, it is possible to expand the capacities of institutionalism in the knowledge of urban planning and aspects of crisis management and urban safety.Nowadays the institutional aspects of crisis management have gradually opened their place in the scientific and professional structure of natural disaster management; however, it lacks form comprehensive necessary guiding structures of the capacities of institutionalism in disaster and natural disaster management.Specifically, from the perspective of Iran, considering the challenges of management and policy-making in crisis and disaster management, such as the gaps in the existing crisis management laws and its noticeable weaknesses failure to consider all Hazards in disaster management and planning. Paying a lot of attention to disasters such as earthquakes and ignoring other disasters such as floods, not fully adopting an institutional approach to disaster management, lack of innovative and creative institutional structuring. It emphasizes the necessity of gradually approaching the application of new institutionalism and the connection between the dimensions of new institutionalism and the management of disasters and natural hazards, including the management of urban floods in the geography of Iran.Methodology: The approach of research is Qualitative and is based on the technique of secondary analysis of theoretically available texts in planning, planning theory, and crisis management from the perspective of institutionalism and documentary research methods.Results : By integrating the capacities of neo-institutionalism in the knowledge of urbanism; presented an institutionalist conceptual model in crisis management specifically; in which the three building blocks of "institutional conceptual network", "institutional damages and pitfalls" and "institutional analytical and evaluation models" can be displayed together, the research has filled the gaps on current knowledge in this field, especially among domestic texts.Discussion: The rich theoretical capacity of disaster and natural disaster management shows the possibility of synergizing this platform with the conceptual and operational models of institutionalism and accordingly previous gaps can be solved with new readings with the help of versatile mediators such as "planning theory" and thus, the common levels of these two scientific streams could be closer to each otherConclusion: First, the introduced model shows the wide capacities of institutionalism in natural disaster management, including complex disasters such as urban floods, and second, it shows the deep theoretical and practical capabilities of institutionalism in natural disaster management, and third, the model shows the possibility of synergizing the capacities and capabilities of institutionalism in natural disaster management. Finally, it can be said the current proposed model is one models in common between institutionalism and the natural disaster management field, besides the possibility of raising theoretical studies in crisis management; It can be oriented for applied studies in the field of disaster management like flood management in various technical, managerial and decision-making sub-fields.
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