ظاهره التضاد و دوره فی الترابط النصی فی دیوان رسائل الحنین إلی الیاسمین لغاده السمان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یتکون النص الشعری الحدیث من التعبیرات التی تعکس مشاعر الشاعر المعاصر، وفق المؤثرات السیاسیه والاجتماعیه التی عاشها. والقارئ المعاصر بحاجه إلى معرفه العلاقات الداخلیه فی النص الشعری لفهم تلک المشاعر والتعبیرات، وذلک بمساعده آلیات تبین هذه العلاقات؛ منها الاتساق المعجمی من خلال علاقات داخلیه متشابهه أو مختلفه کالتکرار والتضام، والذی یدل علی علاقه نسقیه متمایزه کالتضاد، والجزئیه، والکلیه، والعموم والخصوص، والترتیب والمجاوره . وبما أن التضاد یؤدی دورا هاما فی التماسک النصی ویخلق عالما متشابکا من العلاقات التی تحتضنها اللغه ولاسیما اللغه الشعریه؛ فقد قمنا بمعالجه هذه التقنیه التعبیریه فی دیوان رسائل الحنین إلی الیاسمین لغاده السمان، وتناولنا کیفیه استخدام هذه الظاهره فی الدیوان المذکور، محاولین استخراج المعانی الکامنه فیها، معتمدین على المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی. تشیر النتائج إلی أن ظاهره التضاد بأقسامها اللفظیه، والمعنویه والتصویریه فی شعر غاده السمان قد جعل نصها الشعری نصا منسجما، مما یدل علی اهتمام الشاعره باختیار المفردات المناسبه التی تعبر عن مشاعرها؛ وتعکس متناقضات حیاتها؛ بین الحنین إلى الوطن والعیش فی الغربه، والحب والکره، والموت والولاده، والصدق والکذب، والبکاء والضحک، والغرب والشرق، کما تنادی بجرأه بالتساوی بین المرأه والرجل.The Role of Contradiction in Textual Cohesion: A Case Study of the Collection of Nostalgia Letters to Yasmin by Ghada Al-Samman
The contemporary poetry has benefited the arrays and interpretations that express the poet's feelings according to the political and social indicators that are experienced. Therefore, the reader needs to recognize similar and different in-text communications, such as repetition and association. The purpose of association is to provide a kind of methodical and special connection between words. Some examples are contradiction, part to whole, whole to part, general to specific, specific to general, logical course, and substitution. Contradiction as a lexical link expresses a kind of internal connection between the components of a text so that by stating the meaning of a word or a sentence, its opposite meaning immediately comes to mind. The reason for using this artistic tool in contemporary poetry is the existence of contradictions in the surrounding areas and events that have taken place, including wars and natural disasters, which contain different contradictions like death and life, defeat and victory, sadness and happiness, crying and laughing, etc. Ghada al-Samman, one of the Syrian female poets, has significantly used this artistic phenomenon in her poems because of the existence of contradictions in the individual, social, and political lives, her different opinions in the field of women's freedom and equal rights for men and women in a patriarchal society, and the existence of fanatical and traditional wives. A descriptive-analytical method was used in the present study to examine the contradiction technique employed in "the Collection of Nostalgia Letters to Yasmin” by Ghada al - Samman. The results show the following: - Contradiction in Ghada Al - Samman’s poetry reflects issues such as missing the homeland, love and hate, death and another birth, false friendship with enemies, a fake war with friends, crying and laughing, Western culture and Eastern culture, and many other beautiful concepts. - Contradiction in nouns has created a contradictory structure in the poetic text. In other words, the use of contrasting nouns has been effective to increase the cohesion of the text. - Contradiction in verbs has created dynamism in the poetic text as well as the emergence of contradictory concepts resulting in increasing the semantic link of the text. This implies a kind of intellectual dynamics originating from the poet’s indirect expression. - Various contradictions in sentence composition express a kind of balance between the words of a phrase. These contrasting combinations has added unpredictable concepts to the texture and has created an unexpected perspective for the text reader. - Contradiction in images has given the text new and innovative concepts with two arrays of simile and animation through the creation of vivid and artistic images. This phenomenon as a dynamic tool has complemented the unspoken concepts.
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