معادله منزلت طلبی روسی در بحران های ژئوپلیتیکی جهان اسلام، مطالعه موردی سوریه و یمن (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
منزلت طلبی به مثابه یک چارچوب تحلیلی در سیاست خارجی نشان می دهد که چگونه روسیه در بحران های ژئوپلیتیکی، نقش های متفاوتی ایفا می کند. منزلت طلبی روسی، متأثر از بینش ژئوپلیتیک و هویت تاریخی روسیه، سبب تبدیل شدن این کشور به یک کنشگر تأثیرگذار در بحران های ژئوپلیتیکی جهان اسلام بوده است. مسئله اصلی این پژوهش ارتباط میان منزلت طلبی در سیاست خارجی روسیه و عملکرد متفاوت این کشور در بحران های ژئوپلیتیکی خاورمیانه است. این پرسش مطرح می شود که چه معادله ای میان منزلت طلبی روسی و عملکرد متفاوت مسکو در دو بحران ژئوپلیتیکی سوریه و یمن وجود داشته است؟ در پاسخ این فرضیه می آید که بحران های ژئوپلیتیکی خاورمیانه به اندازه ای که بر دو مؤلفه هویت تاریخی و گستره ژئوپلیتیک و ژئواکونومیک روسیه تأثیر می گذارند، رفتار منزلت طلبانه روسیه را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد. یافته ها نشان می دهد بحران یمن برخلاف سوریه، ظرفیت های ژئوپلیتیکی لازم برای ایفای نقش یک قدرت جهانی از سوی روسیه را نداشته است. در مقابل، بحران سوریه به دلیل تداخل متغیرهای ژئوپلیتیکی منطقه ای و جهانی و همچنین ارتباط تاریخی آن با هویت روسی و امپراتوری شوروی، فرصت مناسبی برای پیشبرد راهبرد منزلت طلبی روسیه بود. معادله منزلت طلبی روسی و بحران های ژئوپلیتیک در خاورمیانه سبب شده است تا مسکو تمایلی برای ورود به الگوهای دوستی و دشمنی در منطقه خاورمیانه نداشته باشد. به بیان دیگر در معادله روسی، تقویت یا تضعیف محور مقاومت یا سازش اصالت ندارد.The Equation of Russian Status-seeking in the Geopolitical Crises of the Islamic world; Study of Syria and Yemen
The status-seeking of actors in the international arena is not necessarily based on a specific driver. What variables actors in foreign policy are most influenced by will play a decisive role in orienting it towards prestige is a disputed issue in international politics. Some other analysts point out that the status-seeking of world powers in the international system should be divided into large and small countries. In fact, according to researchers, the status-seeking of large powers is quite different from that of small powers. Russia as a big power in the Middle East could be regarded as status-seeking power in today's international system. Although the role of personal concerns can be traced to the direction of the country's foreign policy, other factors still dominate the country's foreign policy. Russia's foreign policy drives seem to be significantly similar to its domestic policy drives. Consolidating Russia's economy to maintain domestic economic growth, gain and maintain international prestige and prestige to define and pursue future interests, and maintain its security are among the most important drivers of its foreign policy. Russia's foreign policy is a relatively secure government foreign policy with serious security concerns, and it is also influenced by government foreign policy, which often uses the military option to achieve its goals, rather than relying on soft options. Russian foreign policy scholars place particular emphasis on the extension of Russia's domestic foreign policy. In other words, the role of domestic variables in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation is so significant and influential that without considering and examining these internal elements, a proper understanding of the foreign policy of this country cannot be done. According to some experts, the foreign policy of the Russian Federation does not reflect the ordinary interests of a state, but its most important feature is the influence of currents, groups, and competition between networks of power within the country. In addition, the role of cultural ideas in seeking prestige in Russian foreign policy cannot be ignored. The component of national culture has a significant role in shaping Russia's foreign policy so that its traces can be seen in all foreign policy actions of this country. By studying the strategic culture of this country, one can better see the relationship between the goals, motives, and international actions of this great actor and evaluate its behavioral patterns in managing international crises such as Ukraine and Syria. Some Domestic Foreign Policy Observers What was most evident in Putin's foreign policy during this period was the dominance of an identity-oriented approach in Russian foreign policy. From Putin's point of view, power and influence are strongly dependent on the question of national identity and the extent to which the citizens of a country consider themselves a nation and relate to their history, values, and traditions. Therefore, during this period, he made great efforts to restore Soviet power in the international arena; In other words, the focal point of Putin's foreign policy behavior during this period was based on the strengthening of national identity and nationalist ideas. In this sense, for the Russians, the concept of great power is psychological and emotional. The Russians believe that Russia has the right to be considered a great power, given its vast geography, vast resources, and history. Russia has always been a leader in history. The leader of international communism, the conductor of European concerts in the nineteenth century, and one of the two world superpowers in the twentieth century has always made Russia an identity of great power in the eyes of its people and politicians. It must be acknowledged, however, that Russia's ambition has relied heavily on Putin's particular foreign policy personality and approach. Status seeking as an analytical framework in foreign policy shows how Russia plays different roles in geopolitical crises. Influenced by Russia's geopolitical vision and historical identity, Russia's status-seeking has made it an influential actor in the Middle East's geopolitical crises. In this regard, the main issue of research is to understand the relationship between status-seeking in Russian foreign policy and its different performance in the Middle East geopolitical crises. The main question of this article is what the equation between Russian status-seeking is and Moscow's different performance in There have been two geopolitical crises in Syria and Yemen. In answer to this question, the research hypothesis is that the geopolitical crises in the Middle East affect Russia's status quo behavior to the extent that they affect both the components of Russia's historical identity and its geopolitical and geo-economic scope. The findings show that the Yemeni crisis, unlike Syria, lacked the necessary geopolitical potential for Russia to play the role of world power. In the face of the Syrian crisis, due to the interplay of regional and global geopolitical variables, as well as its historical connection to Russian identity and the Soviet empire, it was a good opportunity to advance Russia's strategy of prestige. The equation of Russian status-seeking and geopolitical crises in the Middle East has made Moscow reluctant to enter into patterns of friendship-hostility in the Middle East. In other words, in the Russian equation, strengthening or weakening the axis of resistance or compromise is not the main issue.
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