Distribution

Density and distribution of Unfamiliar Lexical Items (ULIs) appear to influence learners’ Reading Comprehension Achievement (RCA). This study concerns the impact of these two variables on Iranian EFL learners’ RCA. For this, two groups of students timetabled for the experiments designed to assess learners’ RCA. To determine the participants’ levels of proficiency a Quick Proficiency Test was first given to the total population of 87 students and 60 selected as participants. They were then divided into four subgroups of 15, each of which took the pertaining text as the treatment. To do so, three short passages were administered, two for the density and one for distribution. Then, data were gathered from the questionnaires and answers analyzed by SPSS. The results revealed the participants in low density/distribution subgroups outperforming their counterparts in high density/distribution subgroups on tests devised to measure the learners’ inferencing of ULIs boldfaced in the texts. The selected method was a quasi-experimental, post-test only design and the procedures comprised short passages, multiple-choice tests, and statistics. To conclude, ULIs found detrimental to the learners’ successful RCA in the foregoing experimentation, where it can serve as a resource to the EFL development programs.

For Optimal utilization of infrastructure and inequality identify areas to develop tourism, it is essential to identify the areas of tourism infrastructure and rankings which can manage the tourists more effectively. Thus, the harmony between the number of tourists and tourism space capacity is essential. Although tourism has many advantages, but the arrival of tourists to a region or an area, regardless of the capacity and tension, will be followed by social disorder and economic problems, overcrowding, social identity, social resentment, damaging the environment, etc. So, in order to reduce and prevent the negative effects of tourism it must be programmed to determine the spatial distribution and organization of tourist areas. The present study will consider a series of selected indicators such as economic, social and cultural rights as effective factors in relation to development of tourism in the province. The information required for this study was gathered through distributing a questionnaire among the study population (sample of 90 members of the Tourism Authority (30), tourism (30) and the public (30). The results indicated that the monuments, diversity, exhibition, infrastructures for tourists, the way people deal with tourists, culture and tourism, and financial safety of tourists have significant effects on tourism is in the province.