Grey DEMATEL

In the Industry 4.0 era, many pioneering industries are leveraging emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) as solutions in the digital age. One of the largest and most active industries in Iran is the food industry, which stands to benefit significantly from these advancements. Achieving a sustainable competitive advantage is often possible at the level of the supply chain, where companies use information and communication technologies, such as IoT, to coordinate information, finances, and materials among supply chain actors. This research aimed to identify the key success factors (KSFs) for implementing IoT in the food supply chain. Firstly, through a systematic literature review, the KSFs for IoT implementation in the food supply chain were identified. To develop a measurement model, confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling was employed, making the research applied-descriptive. A questionnaire was designed and completed by 142 members of the "Amadeh Laziz" supply chain (a case study), who were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Confirmatory factor analysis and LISREL 8.83 were then used to validate the proposed model. Finally, the cause-and-effect relationship between KSFs in IoT implementation in the food supply chain was analyzed using Grey DEMATEL. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis findings, the KSFs in implementing IoT in the food supply chain were identified as technical, economic, legal, cultural and social, security, applicability of IoT throughout the supply chain, and implementation of IoT applications. Thus, the measurement model included eight factors and 27 measures. According to the cause-and-effect relationship findings, "Implementation of IoT applications" and "Economic" factors were found to be mostly influenced, while "Applicability of IoT throughout the supply chain" and "Technical" factors were recognized as the most influential. The results of this research can guide food producers and technology policymakers in their supply chains and help avoid trial and error in IoT implementation by leveraging global and national experiences.

Greenwashing is one of the emerging social harms in industry and companies, which can be considered a form of organizational hypocrisy and dissemination of misleading information to deceive citizens; in other words, greenwashing is the instrumental use of the concept of environmental protection with the aim of gaining economic profit.The purpose of this study is to identify and sociologically analyze the social factors influencing greenwashing, employing the Grey DEMATEL technique to determine the causal and interactive relationships among these factors. The statistical population of the study includes professors of the faculty of economics, management, and social sciences of Shiraz University. The sampling method was purposive sampling and the sample size was determined to be 12 people. Data were collected using library research methods and the questionnaire instrument.The results of the analysis using the Grey DEMATEL technique showed that the variables of social stress, social isolation, feeling of social insecurity, and decreased social participation had the greatest impact on greenwashing. It was also found that the variables of social distrust, physical and psychological risks, environmental risks, and reduced organizational creativity received the greatest impact from the greenwashing variable. In addition, in terms of importance, the variables of social distrust with a value of 6.52, physical and psychological risks with a value of 6.38, environmental risks with a value of 6.12, decreased organizational creativity with a value of 5.97, and decreased social participation with a value of 5.80 have the most importance.By reinforcing distrust and increasing social stress, greenwashing negatively affects both the mental and physical health of individuals and weakens the dynamism and efficiency of organizations, ultimately creating an obstacle to achieving sustainable development