the Syrian crisis

Currently, the Syrian crisis has become one of the pivotal issues for decision-making in Iran's regional foreign policy. In this research, we’re going to answer this question the functions of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Syrian crisis, what is based on the elements of national interest of this country, and also the hypothesis studied the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Syrian crisis, based on the fight against terrorism and maintain the security of civilians, maintaining the existing political situation and support the legitimate government of Syria and finally, maintain stability and security in the Middle East according to Islamic standards. This paper is intended addition to addressing the important parameters of Iran's foreign policy toward The Syrian crisis, exploring the reason for adopting these policies from the perspective of the theory of Islam and with a focus on an Islamic State (Islamic Republic of Iran). Iran to maintain, spiritual and worldly interests, geopolitical conditions and influenced by the structure of the international system, has adopted specific strategies such as having a strong national government, geopolitical situation, and ideological element that gives in this country a prominent role in regional issues. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran is an important role in the Middle East with innate rationality in deciding the direction of strengthening the position and increasing its moral and material interests.

Syria's political and security developments and the growth of Salafist and Takfiri groups and its political, economic, and cultural dimensions have disturbed all the Middle East equations. In this regard, the role of radical Islamist groups, including ISIL and Jabhat al-Nusra, in the civil war in Syria and Iraq, along with changing the political and security equations of the Middle East, has also brought serious threats to international security. Given that the Central Asian region has been in the spotlight for a long time due to its geostrategic, geopolitical and geo-economic importance and in a sense, considered the heartland of the world; with facing many challenges such as ethnic and political crises, energy, drug trafficking, and terrorism, this is no exception. The Syrian civil war and the rise of ISIL led to a possible extension of the wave of Islamic extremism to the Central Asian region; To the extent that, many citizens and youths of the republics of this region have entered the stage of communication and cooperation with ISIL and the Jabhat al-Nusra in Syria and Iraq. In this way, the present study seeks to explain the future of political Islam in Central Asia in light of Syrian political and security developments. Given the presence and command of some of the Central Asian Islamist groups in the Syrian civil war, the spread of the threat of terrorism in the Central Asian region, Understanding of these groups, their recruiting factors to ISIL, and recognizing the future scenarios of political Islam in Central Asia confirms the need for this research.

According to this research based on historical research methods, different conditions, and various events can lead to a change in the views of Turkish Islamist elites on the meaning of the Islamic revolution of Iran. The research shows that the dominant understanding of Iran's Islamic Revolution has changed in three different periods: In the first period, under the influence of the thoughts of Shariati and Imam Khomeini, the Islamic Revolution as a utopia; in the second period, under the influence of the  Umm al-Qura theory and the Iran-Iraq war, the Islamic revolution as an model of Islamic governance; and in the third period, under the influence of the Syrian crisis, the understanding of Islamic revolution of Iran as a Shia revolution. In this third period, two main viewpoints appear: The first viewpoint understands the Islamic revolution as a Shia revolution from the beginning, and the second viewpoint, by dividing the history of the Islamic revolution of Iran into two eras, introduces the era of Imam Khomeini as the era of "Islamic revolution" and calls the era of Ayatollah Khamenei as the era of "Shia" revolution.