export performance

The aim of this study is to define and introduce the variable of export entrepreneurship and factors affecting it in a global export-centric model. However, we seek to find the effect of the variables of export entrepreneurship and export market orientation on export performance. To test the research hypotheses, a sample of 296 people employed in food and agricultural products company located in Tehran Province has been used, whose information has been obtained. Data has been collected using standard questionnaire and the obtained information has been analyzed by SPSS and Smart PLS software. The research findings demonstrate that resources and the intensity of competition have a positive effect on export entrepreneurship, but the impact of market distance on export entrepreneurship has not been confirmed. The results indicate the positive impact of export market orientation and export entrepreneurship on the export performance of sample companies. However, the moderating impact of the degree of globalization on the relationship between export market orientation and export performance has been confirmed.

Organizations enter international competitive markets because of different motivations such as: gaining international fame, long-term growth, increasing profitability, taking advantages of economies of scale, maturing domestic market, the intensity of competition in a domestic market, governmental rules and regulations; but actually, all of the companies aim to export performance improvement. According to the oil industry situation in Iran's vision, the 4th paragraph of general energy policies and, not having a comprehensive model of Iranian oil products export performance, this research could improve and develop this industry in international markets. This research method is phenomenology and statistical society includes export and marketing managers and experts in the oil industry. Non-probable sampling and snowball sampling method was used in this research. Regarding this qualitative research, semi-structured depth interview was used to gather information and 7 deep interviews were done regarding saturated rule. Structure, internal, interpretive and descriptive validity were used in order to Validation; for surveying reliability, revision while coding and surveying by another informed person were used to insure correct coding. After open, axial and selective coding and using Atlas.ti qualitative software, suggested antecedents of Iranian oil products export performance includes: market orientation, company resources, marketing mix, macro environment and items of Iranian oil products export performance includes: financial performance, customer satisfaction and customer retention. Most of the previous studies have focused on positivism and quantitative research methodology while we used the qualitative method in this research.

Since the Islamic Revolution in 1979, Iran has been affected by economic sanctions imposed by Western countries especially the U.S. Since 2006 and with increasing Iranian nuclear standoff with the P5+1 group, the United Nations has frequently imposed economic and financial sanctions against Iran. As a result of these international restrictions and their management by an international organization, Iran's exports have been heavily reduced. Given the sanctions on the oil industry in Iran and the lack of a comprehensive model of export performance of Iranian petroleum products in the sanctions period, this research can help improve and develop this industry in international markets. The research method is phenomenological and the statistical population includes export and marketing managers and oil industry experts. Non-probable sampling and snowball sampling methods were used in this research. In this qualitative study, semistructured in-depth interviews were used to gather information, and 7 in-depth interviews on saturation law were conducted. Structural, internal, interpretive, and descriptive validity were used for validation. For surveying reliability, revision while coding and surveying by another informed person were used to ensure correct coding. This research uses a qualitative study to determine the effect of returning sanctions on the export performance model of Iranian petroleum products. After open, pivotal, and selective coding and the use of Atlas quality software, the background of Iran's oil products export performance in sanctions is market orientation, company resources, marketing mix, macro environment, and items of Iranian oil products export performance in sanction includes: financial performance,customer satisfaction and customer retention in sanction situation. Most of the previous studies have focused onpositivism and quantitative research methodology while we used the qualitative and mixed-method in this research. 

Export is a crucial driver of economic growth in various countries and significantly contributes to a country's entry into global markets and enhances economic success. In developing countries such as Iran, economic and social development programs prioritize the expansion of exports, particularly high value added agricultural products. The growth in non-oil exports, such as dried fruits, and the entry of domestic producers into new global markets have led to an increased demand for Iran's export products. This has also resulted in higher production levels, increased employment opportunities, and higher value added in the related activities. To enhance export performance, which is a crucial measure of a company's success in utilizing its resources and capabilities in the international arena over a specific period of time, it is important to focus on improving marketing strategies and specialized knowledge. Therefore, this research aims to examine the impact of marketing mix and specialized marketing knowledge on the export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) involved in exporting dried fruits in Mashhad, Iran in 2022. A total of 80 questionnaires were distributed among senior managers, board members, and business managers of dried fruits SMEs using the available sampling method. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis and test of research hypotheses. The statistical data and structural equation modeling revealed that the joint impact of marketing mix and specialized marketing knowledge has a positive and significant influence on export performance. In order to improve the company's profitability, it is essential for senior managers and sales managers to recognize the significance of these two factors and undergo relevant training to acquire the necessary skills. Moreover, managers should make effective use of appropriate distribution channels to expand their exports. Simultaneously, they should consider adapting product quality and packaging to align with the preferences of foreign buyers.