Qualitative Content Analysis

A professional learning community consisting of dialogue and engagement. Interaction does not mean simple one-way transfer of information from teacher to learner, but the discovery of ideas through others, the search for answers to questions and problem solving with others. In this paper, 15 papers were reviewed and analyzes continued to saturation. The registration unit was considered in this research. At the end of inductive content analysis, 6 categories and 17 subcategories emerged with continuous comparison of the obtained codes A professional learning community consisting of dialogue and engagement. Interaction does not mean simple one-way transfer of information from teacher to learner, but the discovery of ideas through others, the search for answers to questions and problem solving with others. In this paper, the factors contributing to the professional learning community in distance learning have been studied. Using qualitative content analysis method, a structured interview of teachers, experts and e-learning students at the educational institution was conducted in a targeted way. 15 papers were reviewed and analyzes continued to saturation. The registration unit was considered in this research. At the end of inductive content analysis, 6 categories and 17 subcategories emerged with continuous comparison of the obtained codes. The main categories are teacher, participation, online environment, time, tools and evaluation. The result from this article can be a guide to the action of trainers and distance education designers to increase student participation in formal education courses and finally to form a community of professional learning in this environment.

Domestic pharmaceutical industry, as one of the strategic high-technology industries, has a significant impact on individuals’ health. Despite its success in providing maximum medicine domestically, the industry, with its more than 110 active manufacturing companies in the form of semi-governmental holdings, private companies, and agile knowledge-based companies, faces challenges at the policy and operational levels. The challenges, situations, and some strengths of the industry would be identified in the present study using the scientific research method. To identify and review the challenges and status and also to explain the improvement strategies, in-depth interviews with 8 experts in the pharmaceutical industry in senior management positions in the manufacturing industry, regulators, and related syndicates planned and qualitative content analysis method using MAXQDA 2020 software platform applied to identify the challenges, situations, and strengths of the industry. According to the qualitative content analysis, challenges related to inappropriate policy-making, limited financial resources, and inappropriate pricing policies in the industry have been identified as the most important obstacles versus industry development, and on the other hand, the maximum supply of medicine in the country, appropriate knowledge  base and desirable quality of some products are listed as strengths of the industry. Efforts to reform macro policies and industry strategies at the policy and regulatory levels, including private sector development, commitment to quality improvement, and the development of new pricing methods, are among the most important future solutions to cope with the challenges of the industry.

We know little about the physical environment -walking relationship in middle-eas t countries. There is also a need for qualitative approaches to s tudying this relationship. This s tudy aimed to unders tand the physical contextual factors influencing the everyday walking experience of middle-aged residents in an area of Tehran, Iran. It utilized an inductive qualitative content analysis along with Cons tant Comparative Analysis (CCA). The main themes and categories explored were safety and security (sense of insecurity, sense of inadequate safety), comfort and convenience (lack of physical comfort, accessibility to des tinations and amenities, the possibility to do rhythmic walking, sense of overcrowding), and aes thetics and attractiveness (variety and harmony, cleanliness and maintenance, natural elements). The subset concepts of the categories were also explored, including lighting, presence of others, air pollution, crossing s treets, the surface of sidewalks, walking on the side of s treets roadway, thermal comfort, s tepping s tairs, noise nuisance, dis tances to the neighborhood facilities, sitting places, characteris tics of paths, overloaded s treets, non-local offices and s tores, variety and harmony of building facades, old buildings, a variety of colors, various s tores, enclosure, upkeep of buildings, greenery, presence of water and birds, and natural sounds. Narrow and uneven sidewalks influenced walking in multiple aspects. This s tudy proposed considerations and details to the general urban policies and interventions to encourage walking. The results of this s tudy can facilitate urban designers and planners in creating community built environments, which promote clean transportation and public health.