مطالب

Humanistic philosophic approaches and the ever-increasing dominance of humans on nature and the excessive use of it have all led to the emergence of an environmental crisis. This incident has necessitated the clarification of the causes, as well as understanding the spiritual and philosophical dimensions of the crisis for all. Researchers have found that this crisis is the result of philosophical approaches that have led to the exploitation of nature through the fundamental transformation of human's understanding of nature. This theory has had many consequences, due to a secular look and the elimination of spirituality from nature and the instrumental look. Seyyed Hussein Nasr, to restore spirituality to nature and revive his sacred reality, by looking at the man as part of nature to save the natural life of man, challenged this theory. The method of this study is library research based on the analysis. The purpose of this research has been to study and analyze the spiritual foundations of the environmental crisis and to improve the awareness of people to protect the environment. In this article, Seyyed Hossein Nasr's views, the oppositional views, and the cause of the emergence The results of the research show that although some scholars attribute the environmental crisis to religious teachings, arguing that the beliefs of religious leaders have led to the deterioration and degradation of environmental resources, as well as weakening their motivation to develop a safe environment, recognizing the spiritual dimensions of the crisis can play an important role in developing the appropriate attitudes and behaviors toward the environment; So the solution to the crisis is restoring spirituality to nature and reviving the sacred reality.

Consumerism is a new phenomenon created in the 21st century that can play a substantial role in the destruction of national resources of any country. Nowadays, concerning the ever-increasing improvement of fashion in the world, consumerism in the field of textiles and clothing is raised more than ever. Considering the wasteful consumption of products may bring about remarkable damages to the environment, presently certain methods such as no waste clothes production with a sustainability approach are under attention and survey. Researches accomplished in this regard resulted in the initiation of methods that are used by designers around the world as leading methods. Since this approach is an unprecedented opinion that is still in the route of extension and expansion, just a few studies have been conducted regarding the results obtained so far from designing zero-waste clothes and the experiences of consumers' awareness of this approach. The present research, regarding its objective, is of applied type based on descriptive-analytical method and procedure. Data collection is achieved by library method, relying on documents, written sources, and the internet. It challenges the discovery of the roots in this being formed field using the point of view proposed by Keith Fletcher. By explaining the experiences of this researcher in holding workshops related to this opinion, the out comings are surveyed. The obtained results confirm the application of various techniques such as digital printing patterns and the use of updated universal technology for the elimination of wastes.

today, with rapid advancement of industry and technology, many concerns about the adverse consequences threaten human life. The objective of this research is to investigate environmental education as an implement to reduce and evaluate the environmental consequences of petrochemical products based on the hierarchical analysis. The methodology was a survey of a statistical group involving 30 managers and experts in the petrochemical industry. The tool for the survey has consisted of a questionnaire with a pair scale-single response. In this model, the validity of the research was confirmed by the Delphi method and obtaining the opinion of experts in the field of occupational health and reliability of the questionnaire calculated by the inconsistency rate (less than 0.1). First, three criteria including environmental impact, destruction of the natural environment, impacts on individual health, and the most important harmful effects of each criterion were identified. Among the three main criteria, the most influential factor is the environmental impact criterion with a relative weight of 0.670. The criteria for the destruction of the natural environment and health effect of petrochemical workers with a relative weight of 0.260 and 0.699, respectively, are in the next priority. The water pollution parameter with a relative weight of 0.602 is the most important among the 5 sub-criteria. The parameter of effects on the biological environment with a relative weight of 0.373 among the 3 sub-criteria, and the parameter of the respiratory system with a relative weight of 0.417 among the 5 sub-criteria have the greatest effect, respectively

There have been some observed studies and developed applications (apps), with a concentration on Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL), and no consideration of communicative needs of the learners; besides, these studies focused on either the theoretical aspects or the utilization of the available apps in the market (Burston & Athanasiou, 2020). Hence, Vocabulary Guru (VG), a custom-made mobile application, was developed based on a critical framework and an agile approach to fill out the gap. To tackle the issue, after carrying out a qualitative needs analysis via interviews, the first version of the app was developed and released to the target intermediate EFL university students. The next iterations were developed interactively and creatively, in congruence with the feedback received from the target learners. This cycle of incrementing and re-coding of the app continued until the attractor basins superseded. In the current paper, to shed light on how dynamically the interaction between learners and developers can yield in applications, which are more user-friendly and appropriate for a unique pedagogical setting, the life cycle of VG has been discussed. The agile app development processes of the current study may be useful for vocabulary specialists, teachers, educators, app developers, and pedagogical foundations involved in or considering the design and development of mobile apps by critically analyzing the unique needs of the target population in an interactive dynamic, agile life cycle. The developed app (i.e., VG) may also be utilized by EFL learners who would like to learn academic vocabulary in an educational context.

Though learner-centered paradigm of education has long been introduced to pedagogy in general and language teaching in particular, it seems that scant heed has been given to its implementation as well as the restrictions and challenges on its way. In an attempt to shed more light on the status of learner-centered instruction in Iranian language schools, particularly as regards the impediments hindering its proper application, the current researchers selected a cohort of 240 teachers and 450 students for the questionnaire phase through convenience sampling, as well as 29 male and female language school learners and 30 EFL teachers for interview. Due to its mostly qualitative nature, the study made use of data gathered via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. As the findings revealed, students referred to resource constraints and teachers’ tendency toward applying traditional practices as the two overriding barriers restricting proper LCE implementation. The other two prominent factors singled out by the findings obtained out of students’ attitudes were lack of clear definition of LCE and lack of familiarity resulting from improper training. As regards teachers’ perspectives of impediments, however, poor motivation on the part of teachers and parents’ lack of receptivity for LCE were identified as the most prominent barriers. Finally, in line with the interview findings, all three categories of teacher-induced, learner-induced, and context-relevant factors were reported to be responsible for limiting LCE implementation with variable degrees of influence. The study findings are thought to have practical implications for English language pedagogy in the Iranian context.