مطالب

Purpose- In this study, the second home tourism discourses are represented to identify the subjective perception of urban residents (rural idyll experiences) in rural areas. Design/methodology/approach- Qualitative approach and discourse analysis method was used to extract subjective perceptions of urban residents (rural idyll experiences). Accordingly, 38 semi-structured interviews were purposefully conducted with the owners of the second homes. The present study is carried out in the summer in the recreation surrounding of Sabzevar City known as Tabas area which includes Tabas, Sang Sefid, Razghand, Bazghand, and Divandar villages. Finding - The results showed that the culture of the expansion of second homes is based on rural idyll experiences and the ideal concepts of the rurality which correlates with the common triple discourse in the history of research and empirical studies around the world. The results suggest that the Sabzevar second home landscape is seen as (1) wilderness, (2) life at second homes imitates visions of traditional rural life, and (3) the environment is used for traditional consumptive and leisure activities. Practical implications - Other components of the village's past, such as agricultural production, contentment, and simplicity in construction, social solidarity, and collective actions should be added to the triple discourse, because they present a unique pattern of rural idyll images and should be considered. Originality/value- It is argued that the culture of the expansion of second homes is based on post-productivist and consumerist views in order to have fun and leisure time and enjoy the pristine nature and the calm and healthy environment of the village. The theoretical framework of this research includes the redevelopment of the concept of rurality and the various types of rural idyll experiences associated with it derived from the general literature and empirical studies in the field of tourism on second homes. A three-fold image of the second home countryside can be presented such that the second home landscape is seen as wilderness landscape, traditional way life and second home activities.

Regarding the increasing presence of women in the community as a result of higher education developments, urban spaces have become more feminine and the significant influence of women in urban spaces and landscape is rapidly increasing following the impacts of lifestyle phenomenon, media and globalization. The increasing influence of women on urban spaces and landscapes intensifies the necessity of deep scrutiny. Recently, security is being considered as an important issue for women and women tend to be present at urban spaces more; however, all different types of space are not considered secured enough for women. The absence of women architects and urbanists in the professional community despite the large population of women graduate from Iranian universities accentuates the problem. This research seeks to understand whether urban spaces and landscapes can be regarded as feminine spaces. This paper a review research and the literature and the research problem are described by emphasis on library documentation research method.

The growth and development of urban settlement have always been accompanied by industrial activities. Previous experience shows that after industrialization of the countries and the local selection of their industries in big cities, these cities have faced with enormous work force immigration and have observed severe changes in their urban system. These changes are mostly caused by the execution of the growth pole policy and the concentrated distribution of industries in these countries’ centers. In Iran, after the solar 1340s (1961-1971C.E.), we have observed severe changes in urban system that its coincidence with the country’s industrialization requires lots of considerations. The execution of the industries’ establishment prohibition in a distance of 120 kilometers from Tehran is the appearance of one of the presented means in this era. But we still witness the big industries’ presence by 90% in Tehran in 1981. This paper is to proceed with the method of industries’ distribution in Iran by analyzing the place of small and big industries separately in cities with a population of more than 100.000 members. The results of the analysis express that 55% of the 28663 active workshops registered in cities with a population of more than 100.000 members are selected their local in only 7 cities namely Tabriz, Mashhad, yazd, Isfahan, Qom, Tehran, and Karaj, which shows a kind of disproportion in the industries’ distribution across the country. Also, more than 90% of the existing active industrial workshops in cities with a population of more than 100.000 members have been in the range of less than 50 employed industries that included 50% of the employed members in the industry sector.