مطالب

Compared to traditional media, an important characteristic of modern media is that it taps on electric and electronic means and it has extensive coverage. The most important characteristic of traditional media is that it creates a face-to-face communication between addresser and addressees. Modern media has its roots in modernism and is a direct consequence of modern societies. Modern media especially visual media represent the dominant values in the society and has altered the function of family toward more individualism, and individual behavioral patterns. Under the influence of modern media, families are losing their traditional function and are experiencing new functions. A function geared toward more individualism and catering for the individual needs of family members, a function that challenged the traditional dominant values of the family. Among all the contributing factors, modern media in their various forms and comprehensive advertisements, have played a pivotal role in internalizing characteristics of modern world and specially individualism among family members. The current study aims to investigate the new functions of family in accordance with the role played by visual media in the modern society.

Accounting standards, are rules governing how to do accounting work, and specify what information must be provided in financial reporting. The main objective of this study was to compare the stronger accounting standards against weaker accounting standards which in this study, we compare accounting standards of Iran and international standard in terms of Rents. The population of the research is institutions member of accounting community; that to collect theoretical principles of the study, library methods and to collect statistical information, questionnaires were used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for validity and reliability of questionnaire, and to analyse the data, Student's t-test, Kolmogorov - Smirnov test and Friedman test was used. SPSS21software was used to analysis. Time limit of this research involves the second half of 2016. The population of the investigation includes audit firms of Certified Public Accountants community. Findings from analysis of statistical data are at 95% reliability level, which reject us hypothesizes based on non-reliability, unsuitability and lack of understanding. We conclude that Iran's accounting standards relative to international standards from the perspective of professional judgment of auditors to determine the rent type, in terms of degree of reliability, intelligibility, functionality is more appropriate.

This research attempts to investigate the effect of financial constraints and different levels of agency costs on the investment efficiency of companies in Iran. Following the design of the financial risk assessment indexes, the transaction information was collected from the Stock Exchange in the five-year period of 2011-2015. The statistical sample consists of 128 companies selected by sampling method based on Cochran formula in which totally obtained 640 year-firm data. Linear regression and correlation were used to investigate the hypotheses of the research. Also Eviews software was used to analyse the data and test the hypotheses. What is summarized in the overall conclusion of the research hypothesis test is that financial constraints are effective on investment performance based on the indicators (kz) and (ww), as well as the various levels of agency costs, including high and low agency costs effect on investment efficiency.

The purpose of this study was to examine the expected returns of Carhart model compared to the capital asset pricing model and the implicit capital cost model based on cash and capital returns of growth and value stocks. The statistical population consisted of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain is between 2007 and 2016. By choosing Cochran sampling, 126 companies were selected as the statistical sample. The present research is an applied research and is naturally a descriptive study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe the data, and to analyze the data, SPSS software was used. Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean of total returns and returns from the capital profit of growth and value stock; while there is no significant difference between the average cash flow of growth and value stocks. In addition to growth stocks, the expected returns on the basis of Carhart model are closer to real returns compared to expected returns based on the capital asset pricing model. But about value stock, the expected returns on the basis of Carhart model are not closer to actual returns compared to expected returns based on the capital asset pricing model and the cost of capital, and ultimately for growth stocks, expected returns based on Carhart model compared with expected returns, the implicit capital cost model is closer to actual returns.