۱.
In recent years, the international system has witnessed the dynamics ofcompetition between great powers over regional key Regions. In this context, theIndian Ocean appears as a strategic and vital region for the powers inside andoutside it, and any development in it affects the security of the region. Consideringthe need to establish security in the current situation where increasing competitionprevails in the Indian Ocean, analyzing and investigating the economicdevelopments of these countries is of great importance. The purpose of thisresearch, which has been carried out by using the descriptive-analytical methodand library sources, is to describe the concept of the Blue Economy and evaluateit in the countries of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council: Bahrain, Kuwait ,Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. It also explains thechallenges and opportunities they face in the Indian Ocean. The results of the studyof the water economy of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council countries indicatethe relative difference in the level of these countries to each other, so if thesecountries seek to achieve development and maximum use of resources andopportunities which the Indian Ocean has provided for them, they also have theintention of overcoming the challenges governing this ocean, and they should putspecial emphasis on the actions that lead to convergence
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This article serves as a continuation of our exploration into "Achaemenid Phoenicia," following our previous work on "Persian influence on Phoenician architecture. In this research, we delve into additional available evidence concerning Achaemenid Phoenicia, along with pertinent historical sources. Our primary objective is to provide a more holistic view of Persian influence on Phoenicia. The next step is to offer possible corrections or complements to the results of previous paper, which focused on the presence and dominance of the Achaemenids in the region, the non-uniformity of Persian elements in the architecture of Phoenician city-states, and the absence of a connection between the importance of a city-state and the extent of Persian influence on it. By studying additional evidence, we surmise that Persian influences were popular among the upper class and, to some extent, the middle class of society. When it comes to royal art, the evidence from Sidon indicates a notable influence, whereas that from Tyre suggests a certain conservatism, despite the significance of the city-state. However, other movable findings discovered in the territory of Tyre reveal Persian influence, indicating the lack of conservatism among the elites of Tyre in contrast to their local royal court. Regarding the entry of Persian elements into Phoenicia, the available evidence suggests that the presence of Persian officials in Phoenicia, as well as Phoenicians who visited centers such as Susa and Persepolis, could have been two major factors in this cultural penetration. Overall, our findings support and enhance those of our previous study.
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Modernist literature decidedly experiments with such modes of discourse representation as free indirect discourse (FID) to highlight the subjective nature of reality and reflect the estrangement of the modern subject. Accordingly, an analysis of discourse representation has proved to be integral in exploring Modernist narratives. The discourse representation in movies, however, has received little attention from film narratologists. After an overview of discourse representation in literature and film, the present paper examines Virginia Woolf’s modernist masterpiece Mrs Dalloway (1925) and its cinematic adaptation of the same title by Marleen Gorris (1997) and its interconnectedness to present characters’ subjectivities. The basic claim of this study is that the (free) indirect discourses of the novel are turned into free direct discourse in the movie using the technique of internal sound or flashback. Although there are instances of internal focalisation in this movie, they are so disjointed or short that the dominant discourse remains that of the narrator. Therefore, the findings of the present essay demonstrate that Gorris’ film is not creative enough to bring about effects equal to or beyond those produced by Woolf’s or reproduce the underlying forces of “difference” at play in Woolf’s text.
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Today’s urban life has encountered with a number of challenges especially in social and spatial arenas. Socio-economic inequalities, sometimes, emerges in the form of spatial inequality. Tehran, as a metropolis and capital, enjoys effective system with higher sensitivities in national system. The city, though, with a multi and complex system has brought a large population under its arena but at the same time it is considered imbalanced with continuous growth and development. In other words, Tehran, despite a role model for macro socio-economic system, suffers from spatial disparity and imbalanced services. One of the most obvious and sharp characteristics of Tehran is its north-south spatial inequality and polarization thanks to modernisation and its elements such as cars and emerging business districts. In the post-1979 Islamic revolution, the gap between rich and poor and spatial inequality in Tehran has widened despite the promise otherwise. Urban planners and sociologists in Iran have conflicting views about the spatial disparity where some call it a historical trend and nothing to do with the globalisation process whereas others think vice versa. To know whether or not Tehran can be called a global city, the current paper tries to illustrate old and new emerging inequality patterns in Tehran. For that matter, the theory of’ Global City (propounded by Saskia Sassen) has been analyzed based on spatial maps between 1996 and 2006.
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This paper intends to examine Woody Allen’s films from the perspective ofIris Murdoch’s moral philosophy. By exploring the possible relationshipbetween humor and unselfing, we try to highlight the moral dilemmas of thecharacters and the audience’s ironic response to the use of humor. Focusingon three films (Annie Hall, Manhattan, and Hanna and Her Sisters), it isargued that the films depict morally complex scenarios where humor has atherapeutic function as well as a morally ambivalent one. In Manhattan andAnnie Hall, Isaac and Alvy’s form of self-deprecating humor does come offas self-love but it falls short of unselfing. Their self-love is only in the serviceof ego, while on the other hand, Mickey in Hannah and Her Sisters, and Tracyin Manhattan show how considering the singularity of other people’sexperience will help one unself. Mickey is the only character in these threemovies that achieves unselfing through humor and the attendant detachment.If the audience is caught up in the ego trip of the characters, they will miss awhole other level of humor
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The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) model based on an Islamic approach on the attachment styles of incompatible couples. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. The statistical population consisted of all couples referring to the Ava-e Rahai Counseling Center in the second half of the year 1402 in Tehran, whose attachment scores differed by at least one standard deviation from secure attachment. Thirty-six volunteer couples were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The data collection tool was the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) by Basharat. The program was implemented for the experimental group over 10 counseling sessions of 90 minutes each, while the control group did not receive any training. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance (pre-test, post-test, follow-up) with SPSS24 software. Descriptive, analytical, and field examination of the issue indicated that the emotion-focused counseling model based on the Islamic approach could effectively transition incompatible couples from insecure to secure attachment and enhance emotional regulation. In the attachment styles component, there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test (P ≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the post-test and follow-up means with 95% confidence (P ≥ 0.05). This statistic indicates that the therapeutic effects on attachment were maintained until the follow-up stage
