حجت الله جاویدی

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the personality characteristics of single-child, two-child and multiple-child students in Sari. Methodology: This study was a descriptive-comparative study. The statistical population of this study included all male and female students of first, second and third grade high schools of public and private schools in Sari in the academic year of 2018-19. The sample of the study population was 370 people using random sampling method based on Morgan table. In order to predict the decrease of subjects, the tests were performed on 500 people, but finally 324 questionnaires were completed. Demographic and personality questionnaires were completed by the 5-item Neo. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance at the significant level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the characteristics of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness of students belonging to single-parent, two-parent and multi-child families (p <0.05). Also, no significant gender differences were found among the five personality traits of male and female students of single, two and multiple children (p <0.05). Conclusion: Student personality traits of single-child, two-child and multiple-child families. Happiness, life satisfaction and hope for the future are higher in single-parent families than single-parent families. In the present study, the agreement and extraversion of single children were higher than two children and multi children. Extraversion also includes traits such as positive thinking, happiness, life satisfaction and hope for the future. To illustrate this incongruity, it can be stated that single children in their families do not have conflicts with their peers and always remain in the strong position of the first child who has no successor and who has not been affected by the birth of the next child. Cause higher extravasation of this stratum.

Persistent depressive disorder is a psychopathological entity with suicidal risk. This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy (EST) and Schema Therapy (ST) on suicidal thoughts in patients with persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia). The present study was a type of quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test- multi-group follow-up. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all patients with permanent depression disorder (dysthymia) who were referred to the Shiraz County Psychological Counseling and Psychological Services Centers in 2017-2018. The sample consisted of 60 patients who were selected by a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups based on emotional schema therapy (n = 20), a schema therapy group (n = 20), and a control group (n = 20). The therapies took eight sessions in 90 minutes, three days a week for three months. Additionally, the control group was provided with treatments as usual and did not receive any interventions. After finishing treatment sessions, the post-test was completed by three groups. In the present study, processing suicidal thoughts, a questionnaire was used. The research data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance using SPSS.21. The results showed that schema therapy reduced the suicidal thoughts in patients with persistent depressive disorder in the schema therapy group compared with the emotional schema therapy and control groups (p <0.001). Based on the research results, emotional schema therapy and schema therapy can be used as effective methods to reduce suicidal thoughts, but schema therapy was more effective.