تحلیل «اتوپیا» و «دیستوپیا» با روش «تاریخ مفاهیم» (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مفاهیم «اتوپیا» (آرمان- شهر) و «دیستوپیا» (ویران- شهر) در «فلسفه مدنی (سیاسی)» و «ادب سیاسی»، اهمیتی خاص دارد. تاکنون آثار زیادی درباره هر دو مفهوم به صورت متون اصلی و ثانوی نوشته و مورد نقد و تحلیل واقع شده است. علی رغم تمامی تحقیقات صورت گرفته، تاکنون پژوهشی «مفهوم شناسانه» با استفاده از روش «تاریخ مفاهیم» راینهارد کوزلک انجام نشده است. هدف این مقاله این است که با استفاده از روش کوزلک نشان داده شود که نمی توان معنای دو مفهوم اتوپیا و دیستوپیا را به معانی مشخصی تقلیل داد. این روش منجر به دیدگاهی جدید برای درک تطور مفاهیم در طول تاریخ اندیشه بشر خواهد شد. در این مقاله سعی شده تا با تأکید بر نقش زمینه و زمانه در هر دوره تاریخی، زوایای پنهان و گاه فراموش شده این مفاهیم بررسی شود.Analyzing “utopia” and “dystopia” using the “history of concepts” method
Analyzing “utopia ” and “dystopia” using the “history of concepts” method Mohaddeseh Teymouri * Abbas Manouchehri ** The concepts of “utopia” and “dystopia” hold particular significance in civil (political) philosophy and political literature. To date, numerous works have addressed these concepts in both primary and secondary texts, offering criticism and analysis. Despite this extensive scholarship, no study has applied a “conceptual-historical” approach based on Reinhart Koselleck’s method to investigate these ideas. This article aims to demonstrate, using Koselleck’s framework, that the meanings of utopia and dystopia cannot be reduced to fixed definitions. Such an approach provides a novel perspective for understanding the evolution of concepts throughout the history of human thought. The study emphasizes the role of historical context and temporality, uncovering hidden or often overlooked dimensions of these concepts. Keywords: utopia, dystopia, conceptual history, political thought, Koselleck. Introduction and Problem Statement The concepts of “utopia” and “dystopia” have consistently occupied an important position in civil (political) philosophy and political literature. Throughout the history of thought, whenever humans have sought solutions to crises or aimed to achieve better conditions of life, traces of utopian thinking are observable. Civil-political thinkers, operating in fields such as political philosophy, political ideology, political theology, and political literature, often respond to contemporary crises by envisioning alternative arrangements and proposing solutions, thereby bridging the gap between existing realities and desirable futures. Political thought can thus be considered a prime example of normative reasoning, in which the political thinker, observing the current state of crisis, seeks to imagine what ought to be—an ideal arrangement. These concepts, particularly in periods of crisis, have served as theoretical tools for analyzing social and political conditions. However, previous research has primarily focused on ideological or literary analyses, rarely adopting a conceptual-historical perspective. This article seeks to provide a new reading of these two concepts through Reinhart Koselleck’s method of conceptual history. The study aims to examine how the meanings of utopia and dystopia have shifted across different historical contexts and how these concepts, in each period, revealed their unique potentials and limitations. Theoretical Foundations and Literature Review The first section of this article reviews the contributions of scholars such as Ruth Levitas, Karl Mannheim, Karl Popper, Paul Ricoeur, and Ernst Bloch. Levitas, a British sociologist, in works such as The Concept of Utopia (1930) and Utopia as Method: The Imaginar
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