تعامل متن و ترجمه در بازتاب فرهنگ؛ موردپژوهی خار و میخک یحیی سنوار (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
رابطه میان زبان و فرهنگ دوسویه است و عناصر فرهنگی در زبان به صورت واژه، عبارت و اصطلاح تجلی پیدا می کند. واژگان فرهنگی به مفاهیم، روابط، پدیده ها، ابزارها و... به طور کلی جنبه های مادی و معنوی جامعه ای خاص مربوط می شوند که در زبان دیگر ناشناخته هستند و چالشی جدی در تعامل میان فرهنگ ها و زبان ها به وجود می آورد.کتاب خار و میخک سنوار به دلیل پرداختن به ابعاد مختلف زندگی مردم فلسطین حاوی عناصر فرهنگی است که مترجم برای ارائه ترجمه رسا و قابل فهم باید عناصر خاص آن را به خوبی شناخته و در زبان خود معادل یابی کند تا فرهنگ به درستی منتقل شود. پژوهش حاضر تلاش دارد ترجمه شنی از این کتاب را براساس انواع عناصر فرهنگی و راهکارهای مترجم مورد بررسی قرار دهد. ارزیابی کلی اثر حاکی از آن است که با وجود ماهیت سیاسی روایت و پرداختن به موضوعات نظامی به دلیل نزدیک شدن به زندگی مردم، اشکال مختلفی از عناصر فرهنگی را در خود دارد و با توجه به جایگاه و هدف آن در انتقال معنی و بیان حقایق تاریخی فلسطین، ترجمه نقش مهمی در انتقال بینافرهنگی دارد. مترجم نیز در ترجمه اثر در دوراهی بیگانه سازی و بومی سازی بوده و تلاش دارد هم اصالت زبان مبدأ را به ترجمه منتقل کند و هم با روش های تلفیقی اعم از یادداشت، معادل های توصیفی و فرهنگی و... به فهم مخاطب کمک کند، اما متن ترجمه را به خصوص با آوردن دو نوع معادل متفاوت (عربی و فارسی) در متن اصلی از روایی و رسایی دور ساخته است.The Interaction of Text and Translation in the Reflection of Culture
The relationship between language and culture is reciprocal, and cultural elements manifest themselves in language through words, phrases, and idioms. Cultural vocabulary refers to concepts, relationships, phenomena, and tools, encompassing both the material and spiritual aspects of a specific society. These often have no direct equivalents in other languages, thus posing significant challenges in intercultural and interlingual communication. Yahya Sinwar’s book The Thorn and the Carnation , due to its focus on various dimensions of Palestinian life, contains numerous cultural elements. A translator must thoroughly understand these and find suitable equivalents in the target language to accurately convey the culture and produce a clear, accessible translation. This study examines Mr. Shani’s Persian translation of the book, focusing on different types of cultural elements and the translator’s strategies. Overall, despite the political nature of the narrative and its emphasis on military themes, the work incorporates a wide range of cultural elements rooted in daily life. Given its role in conveying meaning and expressing the historical truths of Palestine, the translation is crucial in intercultural transfer. The translator faced the dilemma of foreignization versus domestication, attempting to preserve the authenticity of the source text while also ensuring reader comprehension. Hybrid methods were employed, including footnotes, descriptive equivalents, and cultural substitutions. However, by introducing both Arabic and Persian equivalents directly into the main text, the translation at times loses fluency and clarity. Introduction Cultural elements and the strategies for rendering them in translation are among the most debated issues in translation studies. A translator’s choices depend on their purpose and approach, but these decisions are crucial: an unsuitable method may prevent readers from fully understanding the text or, conversely, estrange them by excessively preserving foreign elements. Successful cultural translation requires strategies that allow the audience to grasp the meaning while simultaneously experiencing the cultural characteristics of the source language. This challenge is particularly acute in texts with strong cultural and social dimensions. One such work is Yahya Sinwar’s The Thorn and the Carnation . In Iran, few studies have explored Palestinian culture through literature, yet this novel, which narrates the struggle and resistance of the Palestinian people within the context of their daily lives, vividly portrays cultural practices and social realities. Several Persian translations exist, and this study focuses on Mr. Shani’s version. Given the prominence of Newmark’s framework for analyzing cultural elements in translation, this study adopts his approach while also drawing on domestic scholarship that has addressed localization strategies. It seeks to answer two key questions: What cultural elements are employed in the novel? How were these elements translated and transferred into Persian by Mr. Shani? Research Background Numerous studies have examined cultural elements in texts and their translation. Notable examples include: Shadman and Mirzakhani (2019), The Challenges of Translating Cultural Elements of Plays Based on Newmark’s Theory , Journal of Translation Research in Arabic Language and Literature . Masbuq and Ghaffari (2022/1401 AH), Finding the Equivalent of Cultural Elements in Ibn Arabshah’s Translation of Marzbannameh Based on Ivir’s Model , Journal of Language Studies . Sedghi and Kiaderbandsari (2017), Translatability of Institutions, Customs, Trends, and Concepts in Arabic-to-Persian Translation Based on Newmark’s Framework , Journal of Arabic Literature . Despite this growing body of work, little research has been conducted on The Thorn and the Carnation , either on its content or its translations. Some analyses exist, such as Alaa Abu Bakr’s essay Reading in the Mind of Al-Sinwar: “The Thorns and the Carnations,” the Epic of the Palestinian Struggle and Zibaei and Ibrahim Ali’s The Narrative Structure in the Story of The Thorns and the Carnations , which employs a structuralist approach to examine narrative elements. Yet no systematic study has addressed the translation of the novel. Considering the importance of translation in meaning transfer, this gap must be filled through critical evaluation of strategies and shortcomings. Methodology This research is based on library study and employs a descriptive-analytical method. Cultural elements in the source text were extracted and compared with their renderings in Mr. Shani’s Persian translation. The translator’s strategies were then categorized according to Newmark’s framework. The analysis evaluates whether the translation successfully conveys Palestinian culture to Persian readers or whether it merely familiarizes the text through localization. Conclusion The results of this study can be summarized in two main findings. First, an examination of The Thorn and the Carnation from the perspective of cultural elements shows that, although the work is a historical, political, and military narrative of Palestinian resistance, it also portrays daily life, customs, idioms, games, foods, and clothing. This reflects the author’s realist approach, bringing the narrative closer to the language of ordinary people and enabling stronger engagement with general audiences. Second, regarding translation strategies, the analysis of Mr. Shani’s work indicates a combination of approaches. At times, the translation preserves the authenticity of the source text by retaining foreign cultural elements; at other times, it adapts them to Persian culture to improve readability. However, one notable weakness is the inconsistency in finding equivalents, as the same cultural element is sometimes translated differently across the text. This lack of uniformity reduces coherence and clarity. In conclusion, while Mr. Shani’s translation succeeds in introducing Palestinian culture to Persian readers, greater consistency in applying equivalence strategies would enhance fluency. A balanced application of Newmark’s methods could allow both authenticity and accessibility, ensuring that the translation maintains cultural depth without sacrificing readability.
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