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۱۴۷

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پیشینه و اهداف: همکاری میان دولت و شرکت های بیمه به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین موضوعات در بهینه سازی خدمات بیمه ای و سیاست گذاری های کلان اقتصادی مطرح است. تصمیمات کلیدی مانند قیمت گذاری، اعمال تخفیف و سطح خدمت دهی می تواند نقشی اساسی در سودآوری شرکت های بیمه، رضایتمندی مشتریان و منافع دولت ایفا کند. با وجود تحقیقات پیشین در زمینه ساختارهای همکاری و بازی های اقتصادی، مطالعات کمتری به مقایسه ساختار بازی نش و بازی استکلبرگ در تصمیم گیری های مشترک میان دولت و شرکت های بیمه پرداخته اند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی این همکاری در چهارچوب بازی های اقتصادی و تعیین میزان بهینه تخفیف و قیمت گذاری برای افزایش سودآوری و رضایتمندی مشتریان است. روش شناسی: این مطالعه با استفاده از رویکرد استنتاج پس رو انجام شد. ابتدا مسئله شرکت های بیمه با فرض تصمیم گیری هم زمان و مستقل در قالب بازی نش تحلیل شد. سپس نتایج حاصل به عنوان ورودی در ساختار بازی استکلبرگ میان دولت و شرکت های بیمه استفاده شد. جامعه پژوهش شامل دو شرکت بیمه در تعامل با دولت است که با تصمیم گیری درباره قیمت گذاری، تخفیف و سطح خدمت دهی مواجه اند. داده ها با استفاده از مدل های ریاضی و تحلیل های نظری در بازی های اقتصادی جمع آوری و پردازش شدند. ابزارهای محاسباتی شامل تحلیل های عددی برای بررسی سود بهینه و میزان رضایتمندی مشتریان بود. یافته ها : نتایج نشان داد که در ساختار بازی نش، شرکت ها به دنبال به حداکثر رساندن سود خود به صورت مستقل هستند، درحالی که در بازی استکلبرگ، هماهنگی میان دولت و شرکت های بیمه به نتایج بهتری منجر می شود. بهینه سازی میزان تخفیف در بازی استکلبرگ باعث افزایش سود شرکت های بیمه و دولت شد. محاسبات نشان داد که با هماهنگی بیشتر، می توان قیمت تمام شده بیمه نامه ها را کاهش داد که این امر به افزایش سطح رضایتمندی مشتریان منجر شد. نتیجه گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد که همکاری و هماهنگی میان دولت و شرکت های بیمه از طریق ساختار بازی استکلبرگ می تواند به نتایج بهینه تری نسبت به تصمیم گیری های مستقل در بازی نش منجر شود. به کارگیری تخفیف بهینه نه تنها سود طرفین (دولت و شرکت های بیمه) را افزایش می دهد، بلکه موجب افزایش رضایتمندی مشتریان از قیمت خدمات بیمه ای می شود. پیشنهاد می شود در سیاست گذاری های کلان بیمه ای، توجه بیشتری به ساختارهای هماهنگی و تخفیف بهینه شود. از محدودیت های پژوهش می توان به نبود داده های واقعی در برخی از مراحل اشاره کرد که می تواند در مطالعات آتی تکمیل شود.

A Game Theoretic Approach for Premium Pricing in a Two-Level Chain Considering the Level of Service and Discount

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Collaboration between governments and insurance companies is a crucial issue in optimizing insurance services and relevant macroeconomic policymaking. Currently, key decisions such as pricing, discount strategies, and service levels significantly influence the profitability of insurance companies, customer satisfaction, and alignment with government interests. These decisions can benefit both governments and insurance companies, thereby creating better conditions for customers. Despite numerous studies on cooperation frameworks and economic games, less attention has been given to comparing and analyzing Nash and Stackelberg game structures in joint decision-making between governments and insurance companies. This research aims to analyze this collaboration using economic game frameworks and simulate interactions between governments and insurance companies. The study specifically focuses on determining optimal discount levels and pricing strategies that can maximize the profitability of insurance companies and customer satisfaction. In other words, the goal of this research is to demonstrate how effective and coordinated collaboration between governments and insurance companies can lead to more optimal results compared to independent decision-making within the Nash game framework. METHODS: This study employed a backward induction methodology to dissect the complexities of the interactions between insurance companies and the government. The analytical process began with a detailed examination of the insurance companies' strategic decision-making. This initial phase was grounded in the assumption that the insurance companies operate autonomously and concurrently, engaging in independent decision-making processes. To model this scenario, the Nash game framework was utilized. This framework allowed for a rigorous analysis of the companies' behaviors under the circumstances of simultaneous and independent strategic choices. The outcomes and insights derived from this Nash game analysis served as crucial inputs for the subsequent stage of the research. Building upon the foundation established by the Nash game, the study then progressed to analyze the relationships within a Stackelberg game structure. FINDINGS: The study's results clearly distinguished the differing outcomes generated by the Nash and Stackelberg game structures. Within the Nash game environment, companies operated autonomously, each prioritizing the maximization of their profits. This independent pursuit, however, led to outcomes that were demonstrably less efficient overall. Conversely, the Stackelberg game structure, characterized by a coordinated approach involving both the government and insurance companies, yielded notably superior results. Specifically, the optimization of discount levels implemented under the Stackelberg framework had a positive impact, increasing the profitability for both the participating insurance companies and the government entities involved. Furthermore, the numerical analyses conducted provided additional support for these findings. These analyses clearly illustrated that enhanced coordination between the government and insurance companies proved effective in reducing the ultimate cost of insurance policies for consumers. This reduction in costs, in turn, led to a considerable and statistically significant increase in the levels of satisfaction reported by customers. The Nash game's lack of coordination created suboptimal financial results for all the parties, while the Stackelberg approach allowed for a mutually beneficial outcome. Customer satisfaction was directly linked to the coordinated efforts to lower insurance costs. CONCLUSION: The findings strongly suggest that when governments and insurance firms coordinate their policies and actions, they can unlock more favorable outcomes than if they operate in isolation, each pursuing their self-interest without considering the other's actions. The implementation of carefully designed discount strategies emerges as a key driver of success, not only enhancing the financial performance of both the government and the insurance companies but also leading to increased customer satisfaction. These optimal discount strategies effectively lower the overall cost of insurance services for customers, making insurance more accessible, inclusive, and affordable. By reducing the financial burden on policyholders, these strategies contribute to a more positive perception of insurance and improve the overall customer experience. Therefore, policymakers are strongly encouraged to prioritize the adoption of coordinated decision-making frameworks in the formulation and implementation of macro-level insurance strategies. Furthermore, they should pay closer attention to the determination of optimal discount levels, as these discounts play a crucial role in achieving a delicate equilibrium between the profitability of insurance operations and the level of satisfaction experienced by customers. Striking this balance is essential for fostering a sustainable and beneficial insurance ecosystem that serves the interests of all stakeholders, including the government, insurance companies, and the insured population.

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