تبیین جامعه شناختی عوامل مؤثر بر شیوع کودک همسری (مورد مطالعه: شهر دیشموک) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ازدواج و همسرگزینی با هدف داشتن زندگی بهتر در نوع بشر عمومیت دارد و نوع خاصی از آن که کودک همسری نامیده می شود، بسیاری از تحقیقات در علوم مختلف را به خود اختصاص داده است و از ابعاد مختلف بررسی شده است. ازآنجا که فرهنگ و جامعه در بروز این پدیده اثرگذار هستند، این تحقیق در نظر دارد برخی عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر آن را بررسی کند. جامعیه آماری این تحقیق کﻠییه خانوارهای شهری و روستایی شهر دیشموک به تعداد 4711 خانوار است. داده های این تحقیق با استفاده از پرسش نامیه محقق ساخته در بین نمونیه 355 نفری جمع آوری شده و با تکنیک مدلسازی معادلیه ساختاری واریانس محور و با استفاده از نرم افزارهای Smart PLS و SPSS تحلیل شده اند. یافته های تحقیق نشان داد تمایل به کودک همسری در بین ساکنان دیشموک بیشتر از سطح متوسط است و متغیرهای نگرش های مردسالارانه، دینداری عرفی، حمایت قانونی اثر مثبتی بر تمایل به کودک همسری دارد و آگاهی از پیامدهای کودک همسری و سطح تحصیلات و نیز سطح درآمد تمایل به این نوع ازدواج را کاهش می دهد. درمجموع متغیرهای مطالعه شده در این بررسی توانسته اند، حدوداً 7/78درصد از تغییرات گرایش به کودک همسری را تبیین کنند. نتیجه اینکه مادامی که گفتمان سنت گرایی، برداشت سنتی عرفی از دین و مردسالاری در این منطقه غلبه داشته باشد، زنان و دختران با این پدیده درگیر خواهند بود.Sociological Explanation of Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Child Marriage (Case Study: Dishmok City)
Introduction
Marriage is often pursued to enhance one's quality of life and is a common practice among humans. A troubling manifestation of this is child marriage, which refers to formal or informal unions involving individuals, who have not yet reached the legal marriage age. This practice not only leads to severe physical and psychological harm for those involved, but also acts as a catalyst for various social issues. Given the significant influence of culture and societal norms on the prevalence of child marriage, this study aimed to investigate the social factors contributing to this phenomenon in Dishmok, a city in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province.
Materials & Methods
This research employed a quantitative methodology, utilizing a survey approach for data collection. The statistical population included all urban and rural households in Dishmok City, totaling 4,711 households. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire administered to a sample of 355 individuals selected through a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using variance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) facilitated by Smart PLS and SPSS software.
Discussion of Results & Conclusion
The findings of this study revealed a pervasive situation of economic poverty in the region. The inclination toward child marriage among the residents of Dishmok was notably higher than the average. The comparison of means indicated that the propensity for child marriage was greater among married individuals than among those who were single. The variables of patriarchal attitudes, conventional religiosity (which represented a patriarchal interpretation of religion and religious narratives), and legal support had positively influenced the tendency toward child marriage. Conversely, awareness of the consequences of child marriage, along with levels of education and income, had served to decrease this tendency. Overall, the variables examined in this study accounted for approximately 78.7% of the variance in the inclination toward child marriage. Moreover, moderation analysis based on gender showed that the studied variables explained 75.8 and 85.9% of the variance in child marriage tendencies among males and females, respectively. Notably, differences in patriarchal attitudes and awareness of the consequences of child marriage were significant factors in this regard. The results of this research supported feminist theory, which posits that in patriarchal societies characterized by authoritarian structures, men serve as the primary decision-makers within the family. Specifically, the responsibility for granting permission for daughters to marry predominantly rests with male family members, particularly fathers, who exert control over the timing, age, and selection of their daughters' spouses.
The overarching conclusion of this study indicated that economic deprivation, a prevalent characteristic among the region's population combined with a dominant patriarchal mindset—particularly one that was often accepted by women—had fostered an environment conducive to the proliferation of child marriage. Additionally, the widespread acceptance of customary religiosity, which promoted early marriage and reinforced male dominance, had further facilitated the conditions that enabled child marriage to thrive. The cohesive nature of rural and traditional lifestyles, along with societal beliefs that endorsed a marriage age lower than the national average, had created a favorable psychological environment for such unions. The interplay of these factors, alongside relatively weak legal frameworks aimed at deterring child marriage—especially regarding enforcement—had collectively contributed to its persistence in the region. The findings of this study suggested that preventing child marriage in this area could be achievable if initial efforts focused on alleviating economic poverty through increased income levels and enhanced educational opportunities. By raising awareness about the detrimental effects of child marriage, communities can cultivate a more informed populace. Furthermore, a nuanced and accurate interpretation of religious texts, free from the biases of specific interest groups, can significantly mitigate this harmful practice, with progressive religious leaders playing a vital role in this task. Finally, establishing stringent laws aimed at curbing child marriage coupled with diligent oversight of their enforcement by governmental authorities represented a critical strategy derived from this study's findings to combat child marriage and its associated negative effects.
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