صورت بندی نگرش منسیوس(Mencius ) در اخلاق سیاسی کارگزارانه (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
اخلاق کارگزاری و حکمرانی مهم ترین بخش از فلسفه سیاسی منسیوس است که مبتنی بر مبانی معرفت شناختی، هستی شناختی و انسان شناختی اوست. مقاله با بهره گیری از الگوی اسپریگنز و نظریه بحران وی بر راه حل های منسیوس در پاسخ به چیستی و چرایی بحران تمرکز دارد. منسیوس قدرت طلبی و جنگ طلبی حاکمان از یک سو و تعالیم نادرست برخی آموزگاران و فلسفه دانان را منشا و علت بحران می داند. منسیوس به پیوستگی فرد، خانواده و حکومت معتقد است و رابطه ای منطقی میان درستکاری کارگزار/دولت و درستکاری ملت و اقتدار حاکمیت می شناسد. وی پذیرش و مقبولیت مردم را شرط اساسی حاکم شمرده و بر آن است که حکم آسمان در اراده مردم متجلی است. از نظر او فراگیری نیک خواهی همان بسط عدالت است؛ نیک خواهی متضمن تهذیب نفس و عشق به دیگران است؛ جنگ به قصد کشور گشایی امری نامعقول است؛ میان حکومت کنندگان و حکومت شوندگان تمایز طبقاتی نباید وجود داشته باشد و رفاه مردم وظیفه قطعی حکومت است. منسیوس حق طغیان و انقلاب را برای مردم در نظر می گیرد و روند خطی میان کسب فضیلت و کسب ثروت قایل است. او برای اداره کشور توسط حاکم به جز حکمت و فلسفه که برای حاکم قایل است چندین قانون و وظیفه را برای کارگزار/دولت لحاظ می کند. از دیدگاه وی ثبات سیاسی مهم ترین خصیصه دولت کارآمد است و دانش و آگاهی، استخدام کارگزاران شایسته، وجود اهداف دراز مدت برای فعالیت های سیاسی، اولویت بندی در حل مشکلات و اقدام سیاسی معطوف به سود همگانی حکومت خوب را بر می سازد.Formulation of Mencius's attitude in agentic political ethics
The ethics of agency and governance is the most important part of Mencius' political philosophy, which is based on his epistemological, ontological and anthropological foundations. Using Spriggans' model and his crisis theory, the article focuses on Mencius' solutions in response to what and why the crisis is. Mencius considers the power-seeking and belligerence of the rulers on the one hand and the wrong teachings of some teachers and philosophers as the origin and cause of the crisis. He considered acceptance and acceptability of the people as the basic condition of the ruler and he believes that the decree of heaven is manifested in the will of the people. In his opinion, learning benevolence is the extension of justice; Benevolence involves refining oneself and loving others; War for the purpose of opening the country is unreasonable; There should be no class distinction between the rulers and the ruled, and the welfare of the people is the definite duty of the government. Mencius considers the right of rebellion and revolution for the people, and there is a linear process between the acquisition of virtue and the acquisition of wealth. From his point of view, political stability is the most important characteristic of an efficient government, and knowledge and awareness, employment of competent agents, the existence of long-term goals for political activities, prioritization in solving problems and political action aimed at public benefit make good governance. Keywords: Mencius, agency ethics, public welfare, justice, meritocracy, efficient government and good governance, Spriggan's crisis theory Introduction: Chinese philosophy is the source of philosophical approaches, especially in the field of politics. Mencius or Mèng Zǐ is one of the greatest and most effective political philosophers of China and the most prominent and powerful exponent of the Confucian school, whose ethics of governance and political agency are his most important and fundamental mental and practical concerns. Government and politics is the most important subject discussed by Mencius and making it moral is his most important goal. The basis, what and how to rule the agency ethical policy in Mencius' view and the mechanisms of its implementation are the focus of this article. Based on this, the hypothesis of the article is in response to the question of how and on what basis the agentive political ethics is formulated in the political philosophy of Mencius; Adhering to the method of Spriggans, Mencius's epistemological, ontological, and anthropological foundations have been considered as a continuous and consistent chain of his agentic recommendations about the solutions of decent governance. Recommendations about political and social justice, human relations, decency and correctness, development and improvement of production and people's well-being, reducing people's sufferings and paying attention to vulnerable groups, political participation and the right to revolution, meritocracy, facilitating and honoring tourists and farmers, behavior Kindly with the mass of people and... which formulates and articulates his agentive political ethics. Materials & Methods: The theoretical framework chosen for this article is inspired by Spriggan's crisis model with intrusions. His effort is to reveal the various stages of bringing the theorist to the conclusion and theory, and the final product of his theoretical effort. In Spriggan's method, thoughtful political thought goes through four stages, which are: diagnosis of crisis and observation of disorder. Many thinkers wrote their works when they seriously thought and felt that the society was in crisis. Therefore, the first issue is to identify the problem of the society. which is sometimes easy and sometimes difficult. Analysis of the causes of the crisis; An intelligent thinker does not rest after identifying a problem, but seeks to analyze and analyze the problem and find the foundation of the pro
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